托福聽力有六種最常見的題型:主旨題、細節(jié)題、功能題、態(tài)度題、結(jié)構(gòu)題、推理題,掌握好這六種題,可以說你離托福聽力高分不遠了,今天總結(jié)這六種聽力題型的特點和答題關鍵,希望能幫助對托福聽力有問題的考生!
01、主旨目的題
主旨題分為內(nèi)容主旨和目的主旨。
如何識別主旨目的題?
What are the students mainly discussing?
What is the main topic of the talk?
What is the lecture mainly about?
What is the talk mainly about?
What is the main purpose of the lecture?
What is the professor mainly discussing?
文章的主旨解決之道
(1)聽準開頭;
(2)把握對話目的;
(3)對于演講,敏感開頭句型;
(4)捕捉全文重復(主題決定細節(jié),細節(jié)反映主題);
(5)訓練關鍵詞的敏感(大多是名詞和動詞)——適應于長對話
文章的主旨展開方式
(1)直接展開:
today we are going to talk about…
I’d like to begin my lecture by introducing…
let’s focus on…
let’s now take a look at…
(2)問答式展開:
how are companies typically structured?
Do you remember what they are?
How can you understand it?
Why does human being consider it important?
(3)全文關鍵詞總結(jié)
選項特征
正確選項標志詞:history,development,background,information,growth,origin,features,characteristics,invention,creation,innovation,evolution,era,trend,comparison,classification等
干擾選項特征:
Too general:an idea that is beyond the focus of the conversation or lecture
too specific:a supporting detail instead of a main idea
inaccurate:not true,or only partially true,according to the speakers
irrelevant:about something that the speakers don’t mention
02、細節(jié)題
通常來講,細節(jié)題不會以某一種固定的形式出現(xiàn)。能夠考查的細節(jié)題目有很多,有列舉細節(jié),陳述某個理論觀點的內(nèi)容,給出術語的定義等等??傮w來說我們可以把細節(jié)題總結(jié)為原文意思的重新敘述或者概述。
如何識別細節(jié)題?
What problem does the man have?
According to the conversation,what are two ways in which bacteria cells get resistance genes?
Why does the professor talk about Plato’s description of society?
細節(jié)題的考查點
(1)時間細節(jié)
年份、月份、星期、四季的說法
注意細節(jié)對應的事件
(2)地點細節(jié)
國家名稱(縮寫、中文)
美國地名
(3)名詞細節(jié)
文章中出現(xiàn)的一個名詞前后的特點
記住名詞出現(xiàn)時候的發(fā)音
(4)方位細節(jié)
注意方位詞的說法
注意方向詞的說法
(5)數(shù)字細節(jié)
注意逗號原則的應用
注意分數(shù),小數(shù),百分數(shù)的說法
注意數(shù)字修飾的名詞
(6)顏色形狀細節(jié)
常見的顏色詞匯
常見的形狀詞匯
(7)態(tài)度細節(jié)
注意點評一個事物所用的形容詞
注意正負態(tài)度評價
(8)人名細節(jié)
積累常見名人人名的發(fā)音
注意人名的前后一致性
(9)雙選細節(jié)
注意并列的原因、建議、結(jié)果、陳述、特點
注意序數(shù)詞和表示順序的短語
(10)圖片細節(jié)
常見的會出現(xiàn)圖片學科:生物學,植物學,地理學,地質(zhì)學,氣象學
抓住圖片中的要素:大小,形狀,顏色,方向,方位,特點
筆記中記錄下圖片
03、功能題
功能題主要考查的是說話者所說的某段話的功能,翻譯一下就是為什么要這么說。功能題和細節(jié)題往往是相輔相成。比如舉例部分,既可以考查例子的功能,也可以考查例子的細節(jié)。
如何識別功能題?
What does the professor imply when he says this:(reply)
What can be inferred from the professor’s response to the student?
What is the purpose of the woman’s response?Why does the student say this?
托福聽力中的常見功能:
(1)Explanation:Simply put/Let’s put in this way/I think I should/you mean
(2)Conclusion:now to sum/wrap up my speech
(3)Suggestion:you should have done something better
(4)Inspiration:come on,you are supposed to know this…
(5)Emphasis:please bear in mind that…/Rhetorical question
(6)Correcting mistake:Excuse me,Actually,Did I say XXX?I mean YYY.Oh,wait a minutes,What am I saying?wait a minute/I made a slip of tongue
04、態(tài)度題
態(tài)度題一般指的是professor對某件事的觀點和看法。態(tài)度會出現(xiàn)在事實描述的后邊。態(tài)度題出現(xiàn)的頻率不高,但也是一個必須得分的題型。
如何識別態(tài)度題?
What can be inferred about the student?
What is the professor’s attitude toward…?
What is the professor’s opinion of…?
What can be inferred about the student when she says this:
What does the woman mean when she says this:
態(tài)度題的Tips:
(1)語氣語調(diào),重讀,小詞;
(2)把握態(tài)度上的肯定還是否定;
(3)喜歡還是厭倦;
(4)有興趣還是沒有興趣;
(5)滿意、不滿意還是受挫;
托福聽力中的常見態(tài)度:
(1)Awful:woops!Uh-uh!Oh,no!Oh,dear!Oh,shoot!
(2)Remind:I don’t think you will do/I was wondering if you will do something/I don’t imagine if you do…/you haven’t done something,have you?
(3)Pity:what a shame/that’s too bad/I’m sorry to hear that/tough luck
(4)Eulogy:Fabulous=Fab;Magnificent=Magnif;
Glamorous=Glam;Excellent;Terrific;Awesome;Amazing;Fantastic;Incredible;Outstanding;Superb;Charming;Good job
(5)to the professor:Fascinating;Catching;Instructive;Stimulating;Thought-provoking;
(6)Surprise:Gee!Jesus!My dear!Boy!Jesus Christ!Man!Oh,my God!Gosh!Oh,my!What!Dear me!
(7)Tactful refuse:Sounds great,but/Sounds like fun,but/that’s tempting,but/I wish I could,but/I’d love to,but/I’d really like to,but/I would(if I could),but/I meant to,but/I have been meaning to(do something),but/I should have,but…
05、結(jié)構(gòu)題
結(jié)構(gòu)題和功能題很像,考查的都是提出某個觀點或事實的目的。不過結(jié)構(gòu)題更側(cè)重于考查在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)上的目的功能,比如引出下文,導入話題等等。因此,結(jié)構(gòu)題往往出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭和結(jié)尾,或者一個新邏輯層次開始的地方。
如何識別結(jié)構(gòu)題?
How is the information in the lecture organized?
How does the professor clarify the points he makes about Mexico?
托福lecture文章的三種典型結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)定義結(jié)構(gòu)
(2)比較結(jié)構(gòu)
(3)問題解決型結(jié)構(gòu)
常見考點
舉例考點
典型提示詞:For example/for instance/like/if/take...as an example/let's see/there be...
注意事項:依照結(jié)構(gòu)題的考查內(nèi)容,要關注舉例的目的,即例子所對應的觀點。
轉(zhuǎn)折考點
典型提示詞:but/however/although/in fact/actually
強調(diào)考點
典型提示詞:
①表重要:important(ly)/significant(ly)/critical/key
②表特別:particularly/especially/specifically
③表重復:I mean/and again/what I mean is
④表絕對:only/all/最高級
⑤表程度:really/pretty/quite/very
⑥表強烈情感:funny/interseting
因果考點
典型提示詞:because/why/so/since/reason/as/due to/result from
專業(yè)術語考點
典型提示詞:
①引出術語:is called XXX/is known XXX/停頓
②解釋術語:XXX is a...(way/phenomenon/term)
XXX is defined as...
XXX means...
XXX refers to...
③進一步說明:you know...(很多時候作為解釋含義出現(xiàn))
06、推理題
推理題就是信息的推理綜合,在考試中這類題型不能像細節(jié)題一樣找到和原文完全一致的信息,但是可以根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,去得到合理的推斷。但有一點可以格外注意一下,任何的推斷在沒有文章的依據(jù)或者缺乏能夠支撐答案確定性的時候,都是錯誤答案。
如何識別推理題?
What can be inferred about…?
What does the professor imply about…?
What will the students do in the summer?
推理題的解題技巧
(1)注意出現(xiàn)的觀點性語言:in my opinion,as far as I’m concerned,personally,pay attention,from my point of view
(2)注意進度條和結(jié)尾段的引申
(3)注意首尾段的遙相輝映
(4)正確選項經(jīng)常是文章中沒有出現(xiàn)的單詞
以上就是今天給大家總結(jié)的托福聽力有幾大關鍵題型的一些出題特征和解題關鍵,聽力有問題的小伙伴可以對照本文的干貨分享進行日常的訓練。