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Boys are 14% more likely to be born premature than girls, and even at the same gestational age boys have a higher risk of death and complications because girls develop faster in the womb, new global research shows.

'一項(xiàng)新的全球范圍的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),男孩的早產(chǎn)幾率比女孩高14%,而且孕齡相同的情況下,男孩的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥的危險(xiǎn)也更高,因?yàn)榕⒃谧訉m內(nèi)發(fā)育的更快。

'The findings from six studies published Thursday in the journal Pediatric Research quantify for the first time what neonatologists have long observed.

'《兒科研究》(Pediatric Research)雜志近日發(fā)表的六項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果首次總培訓(xùn)部將新生兒學(xué)家長(zhǎng)期觀察到的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行量化。

''Throughout development, girls are a little bit ahead of boys. Girls walk before boys, they talk before boys and it's also true in utero,' said Joy Lawn, a neonatologist at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and team leader of the studies.

'倫敦衛(wèi)生與熱帶醫(yī)藥學(xué)院(London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine)的新生兒學(xué)家、上述研究的團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者勞恩(Joy Lawn)說(shuō),在這個(gè)發(fā)育期,女孩都領(lǐng)先男孩一點(diǎn),女孩比總部基地雅思培訓(xùn)價(jià)格男孩更早會(huì)走路,比男孩更早會(huì)說(shuō)話,而在母親的子宮內(nèi)情況也是如此。

'And for babies born before 37 weeks, which researchers call preterm, 'being even a little bit more mature brings an advantage,' Dr. Lawn said.

'勞恩說(shuō),對(duì)于懷孕37周之前出生的嬰兒來(lái)說(shuō),就算多成熟那么一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)也是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。研究人價(jià)格員將37周之前出生的嬰兒稱為早產(chǎn)兒。

'The research, funded through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, involved 50 researchers in 35 institutions. It found that despite progress in many countries, about 15 million babies are born preterm world-wide each year, out of around 135 million total births.

'來(lái)自35家研究機(jī)構(gòu)的50名研究人員參與了這項(xiàng)由比爾及梅林達(dá)?蓋茨基金會(huì)(Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)提供資金的研究。研究發(fā)基培訓(xùn)地現(xiàn),盡管很多國(guó)家都有進(jìn)步,全球每年出生的1.35億名嬰兒中,仍有1,500萬(wàn)名嬰兒早產(chǎn)。

'More than one million babies die due to prematurity, and an estimated three-quarters of those babies could have been saved with even modest interventions such as antibiotics. Babies born before 37 weeks are 10 times as likely to die in low-income countries than in high-income countries, the research found.

'每年有逾100萬(wàn)名嬰兒死于早產(chǎn),而據(jù)估計(jì),即便是最簡(jiǎn)單的干預(yù)(比如使用抗生素)也能令其中四分之三的嬰兒獲救。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),相比之下,低收入國(guó)家的早產(chǎn)兒的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是高收入國(guó)家的早產(chǎn)兒的10倍。

'Disabilities related to prematurity, including blindness, cerebral palsy and brain damage linked to breathing problems, are responsible for nearly 10% of the global burden of disease all around the world, the studies found.

'上述研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與早產(chǎn)相關(guān)的殘障,費(fèi)用包括失明、腦總部基地雅思培訓(xùn)多少錢性麻 以及呼吸問(wèn)題相關(guān)的腦損傷,幾乎占全球疾病總量的10%。

'For boy babies, addressing the higher risks they face is difficult because scientists are still trying to understand what makes them more vulnerable.

'對(duì)男嬰來(lái)說(shuō),應(yīng)對(duì)他們面臨的較高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)這一問(wèn)題非常困難,因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)家們?nèi)栽谠嚩鄡r(jià)格少錢圖理解,是什么原因讓他們比女嬰更容易受到傷害。

''Boys face a triple whammy,' said Dr. Lawn. 'They are more likely to be born preterm, and if they are, they have a greater risk of death, disability or blindness. And even when they are full term, they have a higher risk of birth complications such as jaundice and infection.'

'勞恩說(shuō),男孩面臨著三重魔咒:他們更有可能早產(chǎn),而且如果早產(chǎn),死亡、殘障或失明的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高;而且即便他們沒(méi)有早產(chǎn),出現(xiàn)黃疸和感染等并發(fā)癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也更高。

'Separate new research from Scandinavia suggests that women carrying boys have a higher rate of problems in the placenta -- the sacks that surrounds and nourishes fetuses, Dr. Lawn said.

'勞恩說(shuō),斯堪的納維亞地區(qū)進(jìn)行的其他新研究表明,懷男胎的孕婦胎盤出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的可能基地性更高。胎盤包裹著胎兒,為胎兒提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)。

'One theory is that some mothers mount an autoimmune response to male tissue, which creates inflammation in the placenta and compromises its ability to deliver oxygen and nutrition to the fetus, according to Marianne Legato, founder of the Foundation for Gender-Specific Medicine in New York, who wasn't involved in the new research.

'紐約性別特異性醫(yī)學(xué)基金會(huì)”(Foundation for Gender-Specific Medicine)的創(chuàng)始人萊加托(Marianne Legato)說(shuō),一種理論認(rèn)為,一些母親會(huì)針對(duì)男性組織啟動(dòng)自動(dòng)免疫反應(yīng),這會(huì)刺激胎盤發(fā)炎,損害其向胎兒輸送氧氣和營(yíng)養(yǎng)的能力。萊加托沒(méi)有參與這項(xiàng)新研究。

'Male hormones known as androgens may also delay lung maturation. Two-thirds of fetuses with immature lung development are male, writes Dr. Legato in her 2008 book, 'Why Men Die First.'

'萊加托在她2008年出版的書《男人為什么先死》(Why Men Die First)中寫道,雄激素也可能延緩肺的成熟過(guò)程??偛垦潘挤伟l(fā)育不成熟的胎兒有三分之總部基地雅思培訓(xùn)費(fèi)用二是男性。

'Nearly twice as many boy babies are conceived as girls, but they are much more likely to miscarry, and by birth, the ratio is roughly 105 boys to 100 girls.

'在受孕階段,男嬰的數(shù)量差不多是女嬰的兩倍,但男嬰的流產(chǎn)率要高得多,而到生產(chǎn)的時(shí)候,男女嬰的比例大致是105 :100。

' Most boys do catch up, and in some societies girls are more likely to die after the first few months of life because they get less attention and medical care, the study authors note.

'研究的作者們還指出,誠(chéng)然,大多數(shù)男孩后來(lái)都會(huì)跟上,而且在某些社群中,女嬰在出生后最初的幾個(gè)月里死亡的可能性更高,因?yàn)榕畫氲玫降恼疹櫤歪t(yī)療護(hù)理更少。

'That men eventually grow bigger and stronger than women 'is probably evolutionary,' adds Dr. Legato. 'The genes that create higher height and stronger muscle are favored in terms of survival.'

'萊加托補(bǔ)充說(shuō),最終男性體型更大、更強(qiáng)壯這一事實(shí)可能是演化的結(jié)果,從存活的角度來(lái)說(shuō),能夠?qū)е赂篌w重、更強(qiáng)壯的肌肉的基因雅費(fèi)用多少錢思會(huì)被優(yōu)先選擇。

'The release of the new research, timed to coincide with World Prematurity Day on Sunday, is part of an effort by more than 50 organizations to combat premature birth.

'這份新研究的發(fā)布時(shí)機(jī)正好趕在11月17日的世界早產(chǎn)日(World Prematurity Day)之前,是逾50個(gè)組織為了對(duì)抗早產(chǎn)兒進(jìn)行的努力的一部分。

'In the meantime, says Edward McCabe, chief medical officer of the March of Dimes, 'the key thing is to provide the best possible care-for boys and girls.'

'慈善組織March of Dimes的首席醫(yī)療長(zhǎng)麥凱布(Edward McCabe)說(shuō),與此同時(shí),最關(guān)鍵的是盡可能提供好的照料,不管是男孩還是女孩。

以上就是聽(tīng)力課堂雅思頻道為大家整理的雅思閱讀材料之男性胎兒在孕期比女性胎兒面臨更多危險(xiǎn),希望對(duì)大家有幫助,更多資訊、資料請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)聽(tīng)力課堂雅思閱讀頻道

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