托福寫作獨立寫作怎么審題?

托?？荚嚪譃槁犝f讀寫四個部分，其中托福寫作是*考生非常頭疼的一個部分，在寫作中我們往往會遇到各種各樣的問題，比如審題不清、用詞不準(zhǔn)、文章冗雜等，下面我們就來看一下托福寫作獨立寫作怎么審題?

一、沒注意關(guān)鍵詞

同學(xué)們考寫作考了這么多年，大多數(shù)出題的形式都已爛熟于心，看到題目之后覺得熟悉于是興沖沖*筆就寫，其實，這種看似“熟練”的表象下藏著巨大的隱患——同學(xué)們很有可能因為看得太快而忽略某個決定題目意思的關(guān)鍵詞。例如：

例1：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising is the
only main cause for people’s unhealthy eating habits.

看到這個題目，同學(xué)們立刻會開始想，有沒有other reasons for unhealthy habits，想出三條

如：1. People’s tight schedules do not allow them to eat at regular hours;

2. Sometimes people are eager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go
on “endless diets”;

3. Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some consider eating
constantly as their most effectivestress reliever.

綜上所述，advertising is not the only cause.

這個寫法看起來非常完備，但其實犯了一個不起眼卻嚴(yán)重的錯誤——題目不是要我們*it is not the only cause，而是要我們?nèi)?it is
not the only main cause。多一個“main”，意思是很不一樣的。如果我們只需要*it is not the only
cause，那么找出other causes即可即例1中的寫法。但是，如果我們要*it is not the only main
cause，就需要*other causes that we mentioned are also main
causes，這就需要在每一段中加上一些專門的說明?；蛘?，更簡單的辦法是去*advertising is not even a cause,
直接在每段的末尾加上advertising與該段所論述的unhealthy eating habit無關(guān)的論述即可。If it is not a cause,
how can it be the only main cause? 這樣一來，就不用通過*還有其他main
cause來反駁了，事實上，*某種cause是main
cause還是挺有難度的，因此筆者推薦同學(xué)們用后一種方式進行論述。因此，文章還是disagree，而三段的主題句分別應(yīng)該是：

1.People’s tight schedules do not allowthem to eat at regular hours, and it
is obvious that they are too busy to be influenced by advertising;

2. Sometimes people are eager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go
on “endless diets”, and this is more like a result of human nature, the pursuit
of beauty, but not advertising;

3. Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some consider eating
constantly as their most effective stress reliever, and it is quite clear that
no advertisingencourages them to do so.

例2：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Colleges and
universities should offer more preparation for student before they start
working.

看到這個題目，很多同學(xué)會可能會這樣寫：Agree. 1. Students should take more specialized courses
(專業(yè)課)in order to be knowledgeable and skillful enough for their future
careers(接著開始論述being knowledgeable and skillful的重要性); 2. Participating in
internships helps students to have a clearer picture of their vocational
development in the future(接著開始論述如果沒有實過習(xí)，在工作的時候是多么地feel so unprepared); 3.
Attending more club activities is an effective way to improve social skills,
which are crucial for success both in life and at work(接著開始論述good social
skills對職業(yè)和生活的幫助).

如果不看括號里的內(nèi)容，僅看主題句，這篇文章是沒有任何問題的。然而，括號中的論述從嚴(yán)格意義上來講，是不能支持“more”這個關(guān)鍵詞的。舉個簡單的例子：“我們需要錢”和“我們需要更多錢”在*的時候重點是不一樣的。如果*“我們需要錢”，應(yīng)該詳細闡述錢的“不可或缺性”，比如生活、學(xué)習(xí)、教育都需要錢;但是如果*“我們需要更多錢”，重點則應(yīng)該放在“錢不夠”的論述上，*在學(xué)習(xí)、生活、教育方面的預(yù)算都很緊張。同樣地，上面的題目中僅僅*Knowledge
for careers, field experience and social skills are
important是不夠的，事實上，這些根本不需要*，需要*的事情是graduates today are not well prepared in the
three aspects. 因此這篇文章應(yīng)該是一篇“抱怨型”的文章，詳細地去論述學(xué)校工作的不足。參考思路如下：Agree. 1. Many students
today complain that they cannot learn practical skills and up-to-date
information, for some of their teachers are not qualified enough to teach
specialized courses; 2. Since many students are not allowed enough time to
participate in internship programs before graduation, they know very little
about what their future jobs like; 3. Joining clubs is possible for every
college student, yet not every club provide is capable of offering enough
opportunities for students to practice their social skills.

同學(xué)們在寫文章的時候一定要注意，學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作不是句型和辭藻的堆砌，整篇文章一定是一個well-organized
system，這個system中很重要的原則之二就是——1、每個中間段的topic sentence是用來支持main idea的;2、topic
sentence后面的每句話都是用來支持該topic sentence的。在上面的兩個例子中，大家會發(fā)現(xiàn)例1的錯誤主要是main idea沒有很好地被topic
sentence支持;而例2的錯誤在于topic sentence雖然看起來是支持main
idea的，但是論述的內(nèi)容可能跟關(guān)鍵詞“more”無關(guān)，從而不能有力地支持topic sentences。這些錯誤的起因，則是對題干中關(guān)鍵詞的忽略。

二、關(guān)鍵詞理解不準(zhǔn)確

與忽略關(guān)鍵詞的人不同，有些同學(xué)過于執(zhí)著于關(guān)鍵詞的字面意思，而沒能看出其背后的implication，從而被關(guān)鍵詞限制住思路，無法下筆。比起忽略關(guān)鍵詞，這種錯誤更常發(fā)生在細心且實力不錯的同學(xué)身上，也很值得大家注意。筆者建議，在寫文章的時候要靈活，不要拘泥于關(guān)鍵詞的字面意思，否則理由很不好想，就算想出來也很難用英文表達。例如：

例3：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should
spend more money on elementary school education than on university
education.

題目的意思是說，比起投資大學(xué)教育，政府應(yīng)該在小學(xué)教育上投入更多的資金。看到這個題，同學(xué)們會有不同的看法，大體來講無非是兩種——認(rèn)為university
education應(yīng)該花更多的錢或反之。但是，大家很快會發(fā)現(xiàn)*任何一種觀點都是不容易的。比如說，有些同學(xué)可能會這樣寫：Agree. 1. Elementary
school education involves more students than university education and it
requires more money; 2. Colleges and universities have more sponsors than
elementary schools so that the government should offer more financial support
for the latter.3. Since elementary school education is the cornerstone of
university education, it deserves more money from the government.

上面的主題句看起來是沒有問題的，然而在展開的時候困難重重——個點里說Pupils的數(shù)量多所以花錢多，這的確是事實，可是pupil人均所需要的經(jīng)費卻肯定比university
students少，*關(guān)鍵的是，我們并沒有數(shù)據(jù)作為支撐;第二點里說校友或社會人士的支持使得大學(xué)在財政方便面比小學(xué)要寬裕的多，然而，這還是一個沒有數(shù)據(jù)就無法*的觀點;第三點里說elementary
school education是university
education的基礎(chǔ)所以前者就應(yīng)當(dāng)比后者得到更多的預(yù)算，這是一個典型的邏輯錯誤，因此在段落展開的時候?qū)掷щy。A是B的基礎(chǔ)并不意味著要為A花更多的錢?？傊?，錢本身就是一個可以量化的東西，如果真的以錢的多少來寫這道題，在沒有數(shù)據(jù)支持的情況下是很難成文的。許多同學(xué)之所以在寫的時候覺得自己的文章很牽強，就是因為把該文當(dāng)成了論述題，而大家要知道，論述題都是要會給出數(shù)據(jù)讓我們來分析的。那么，在沒有數(shù)據(jù)的情況下，這種題目該怎么寫呢?找到money后面的implication很重要。其實，題目并不是要我們?nèi)ビ懻撃姆N教育應(yīng)該花更多的錢，而是讓我們?nèi)Ρ葍煞N教育的重要性，自然地，更加重要的教育就應(yīng)該花更多的錢。所以我們可以有以下論述：

(Main idea) I cannot agree that the government should spend more money on
elementary school education than on university education, because they are
equally important.

(Topic sentence) 1. Elementary school education prepares children for college
education by teaching them how to learn and what they are supposed to learn.

以上就是關(guān)于托福寫作獨立寫作怎么審題的全部內(nèi)容了，還有想要了解更多關(guān)于托?？荚嚨呐笥丫挖s緊戳我們的在線客服了解更多吧!