2021全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)一卷D篇閱讀理解辨析

2021全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)一卷D篇閱讀理解辨析

2021全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)一卷D篇閱讀理解
試題文本第一段：Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,such as character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
原文節(jié)選第一段對(duì)照：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,such as character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
1. 本段關(guān)鍵信息詞匯：changed,popularization,original,misunderstand,makeup,far beyond,skill-based，but,
a. Popularization: 為大眾所普遍接受的（對(duì)普通公眾有吸引力的行為、或者現(xiàn)象）
b.makeup: 取含義 （N-UNCOUNT 天性;性格）Some-one's make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.
There was some fatal flaw in his makeup,and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.
他的性格有致命的缺陷，隨著時(shí)間的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者變得漠然。
2. 黑體詞部分從語(yǔ)篇思維角度可能會(huì)是影響閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵詞，也可能是命題題點(diǎn)所需要支持的信息詞。
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
本題題干提問(wèn)信息詞匯：misunderstanding。相對(duì)應(yīng)上面2提到的閱讀以及命題關(guān)鍵詞：misunderstood。本題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)這一部分進(jìn)行了paraphrase，干擾項(xiàng)把原文信息進(jìn)行了相反的paraphrase，正確項(xiàng)貌似對(duì)信息almost everything desirable 進(jìn)行了paraphrase：It refers to a person’s positive qualities.但事實(shí)上，desirable 和positive 是兩個(gè)具有不同性質(zhì)的修飾類形容詞。兩者嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)來(lái)講不能同指同一事物。此處，答案選擇D。
文本第一段命題人修改了兩個(gè)信息詞distorted—changed；equate—misunderstood。這兩對(duì)詞匯的替換是否恰當(dāng)，供讀者們探討。本觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為有欠妥當(dāng)，因?yàn)榍吠桩?dāng)，引起32題的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合原文讓人感覺(jué)不地道。Distort相似與misunderstood，而equate和misunderstood基本很難語(yǔ)義相關(guān)。
考試文本第二段：We? prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients,whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
1.標(biāo)色部分為“第二段”的試題文本和原文改動(dòng)詞匯對(duì)比。試題文本被認(rèn)為在此處劃分了另一段落。是否符合語(yǔ)篇寫作形式邏輯，需要從寫作技巧上進(jìn)行具體分析。
2.事實(shí)上，define無(wú)需改為describe。Prosocial or antisocial purposes改為good or bad purposes已經(jīng)改變了，原作者的寫作意圖，兩者含義區(qū)別很大，會(huì)給讀者造成一定的思維干擾。perceive,understand,know這樣的替換還是可以的。therapist/doctor，gauge/find,client/ patient,whereas/while,con artist/cheater的替換也可以接受。Ethical 應(yīng)該是課標(biāo)詞匯，無(wú)需修改。
3.“The ability< to accurately understand how others are feeling >may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. ”這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句子，the ability 指上文提到的emotional intelligence所代表的能力。The ability may be used by a doctor to find...whereas (此處還是覺(jué)得原詞更好）表示“指定性轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比”，醫(yī)生可以用以對(duì)癥治療，騙子也可能拿來(lái)行騙。得出結(jié)論：有情商的人群可能是具有兩面性的分類人群。
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule.? B. To clarify a concept.
C. To? present a fact.? D. To make a prediction.
此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解題。理解了原文信息就可以讀懂題干。但是選項(xiàng)信息區(qū)別性不是太大，命題人從主觀角度給出D為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案。比較起來(lái)，D為最佳。AC并沒(méi)有原則上的非正確性的信息支持。
考試文本第三段：Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run? far? ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect? of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.
原文對(duì)照：Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
1. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run? far? ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
雖然關(guān)于情商的流行（大眾化）觀點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了研究所能提供的合理支持（論證），但宣傳的總體效果是利大于弊。
a.run far ahead of :遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)跑在前面。此處語(yǔ)境指“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)”。
b.publicity n.(媒體的)關(guān)注，宣傳，報(bào)道;宣傳業(yè);廣告宣傳工作;傳播工作
2. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
這種普及(媒體宣傳形成的人們的普遍認(rèn)知）最積極的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他關(guān)心促進(jìn)社會(huì)福利的人對(duì)情感的一種新的和急需的強(qiáng)化。
試題文本第四段：
The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
原文對(duì)照：The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life.
此處research psychology/researchers,humans/people的替換意義不是很大，原文詞匯更加貼切達(dá)意。
1.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped boththe public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.情商的普及幫助公眾和研究者重新評(píng)估情感的功能以及它們?nèi)绾卧谌粘Ｉ钪羞m應(yīng)性地為人們服務(wù)。
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
詢問(wèn)作者情感態(tài)度的試題一般可以通過(guò)文章信息獲得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的態(tài)度是肯定的。
試題文本第五段：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable,we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.
1. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable,we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
雖然情緒智力的持續(xù)流行的吸引力是可取的，我們希望這種關(guān)注將激發(fā)對(duì)情緒的科學(xué)和學(xué)術(shù)研究的更大興趣。
2. It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
我們希望在未來(lái)的幾十年里，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將提供新的視角以此來(lái)研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾恚ㄒI(lǐng)）自己的生活。此處，原文當(dāng)中的navigate要比修改后的manage更能表達(dá)意義。
3.Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.
情商，以其對(duì)頭腦和心靈的關(guān)注，可能會(huì)為我們指明正確的方向。
原文對(duì)照：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable,we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may adequately serve to point us in the right direction.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
此題的命題點(diǎn)屬于對(duì)段落大意進(jìn)行概括，關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)鍵詞“hope,will，may”,鏈接答案中的expectations。D項(xiàng)的語(yǔ)言表述是有問(wèn)題的。B項(xiàng)可以改為：Expectations for future studies on it. C項(xiàng)可以改為：The practical application on it.
總結(jié)：本文是節(jié)選。文章基本表意完整。選取這一部分視角和普通關(guān)于情商的認(rèn)知有一定的差異性。也正是這種認(rèn)知差異性使得本文通過(guò)英語(yǔ)傳達(dá)的思想略有難度。文本有一些復(fù)雜句，但整體句式整齊，沒(méi)有偏怪句式，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生明顯的句式語(yǔ)言障礙。當(dāng)然，也會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生的基本語(yǔ)法習(xí)得情況有一定的區(qū)分度。試題命制中規(guī)中矩。試題文本被命題人劃分為5段，從文法角度是否嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)科學(xué)有待考證。建議語(yǔ)篇分析此文時(shí)酌情科學(xué)進(jìn)行。
試卷試題：
We? prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run? far? ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect? of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.? The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable,we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable,we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
原文鏈接：http://eqi.org/salov2.htm Wechat Official Account: FreedomWriter
節(jié)選原文：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,such as character,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients,whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social welfare. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable,we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence,with its focus on both head and heart,may adequately serve to point us in the right direction

2021年高考英語(yǔ)甲卷短文填空47題不太理解？

[1?]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _41.was built___(41) (build) originally to protect the city ____42.in___(42) the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (?修復(fù)).? It is possible?__43.to walk____(43) (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.

[2?]We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.

[3?]After __44.spending____(44) (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what ___45.better___(45) (good) than to ride on a piece of history!

[4?]We __46.hired____(46) (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky??47.but__(47) did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48.the___(48) way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and __49.watchtowers____(49) (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ___50. daily___(50) (day) routines.

47.+but考查連詞。根據(jù)句意，前半句“My+bike+was+old+and+shaky”表示“我的自行車又舊又搖搖晃晃”，是貶義；后半句“did+the+job”表示“自行車還行”，是褒義，前后相對(duì)，表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，故填but。

2021年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷1 - 閱讀理解A

Rome can be pricey for travelers,which is why many choose to stay in a hostel. The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night,and for that,you’ll often get to stay in a central location with security and comfort.
對(duì)于旅行者來(lái)說(shuō)，羅馬很貴，這就是許多人選擇住旅社的原因。羅馬的旅社單人間每晚25美元左右，因此，你通?？梢宰≡诎踩孢m的市中心。

Yellow Hostel

If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome,it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city,and for good reason. It’s affordable,and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus,it’s close to the main train station.
如果一定要讓我就羅馬的住宿做一個(gè)推薦的話，那就是Yellow Hostel。這是本市評(píng)級(jí)最好的旅社之一，這是有充分理由的。價(jià)格實(shí)惠，氣氛活躍又不太吵鬧。另外還有一好處，離火車總站很近。

Hostel Alessandro Palace

If you love social hostels,this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots,bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
如果你喜歡社交型旅社，這就是羅馬最好的。Hostel Alessandro Palace
很有意思，工作人員為客人舉辦很多酒吧活動(dòng)，比如免費(fèi)拍照、泡吧和卡拉OK。屋頂上還有一片區(qū)域，夏天可以和其他旅行者一起閑逛。

Youth Station Hostel

If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel,look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits,too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
如果你想找一家干凈而又現(xiàn)代化的旅社，沒(méi)有比Youth Station更好的了。它提供漂亮的家具和床，另外：不收城市稅；房間里有空調(diào)和暖氣；每個(gè)房間都有免費(fèi)Wi-Fi。

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful,providing you with a map of the city when you arrive,and offering advice if you require some. However,you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes距離市中心車站僅10分鐘的步行路程，距離城市所有主要景點(diǎn)都很近。工作人員友好且樂(lè)于助人，在您到達(dá)時(shí)為您提供城市地圖，并在您需要時(shí)提供建議。不過(guò)，使用Wi-Fi需要支付2歐元一天。

高考英語(yǔ)答案規(guī)律

一般的一大題里的正確答案選項(xiàng)ABCD個(gè)數(shù)相同。

2021年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷命題貫徹落實(shí)《深化新時(shí)代教育評(píng)價(jià)改革總體方案》要求，堅(jiān)持“方向是核心，平穩(wěn)是關(guān)鍵”的原則；

依據(jù)普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和高考評(píng)價(jià)體系，落實(shí)立德樹人根本任務(wù)，進(jìn)一步深化對(duì)學(xué)生德智體美勞全面發(fā)展的引導(dǎo)，強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)鍵能力考查，引導(dǎo)教學(xué)回歸教材，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)高考考試內(nèi)容改革，充分發(fā)揮高考育人功能和積極導(dǎo)向作用。

2021年英語(yǔ)高考難度與往年持平：

控制試卷難度。各套試題采用篇章材料的難度與往年基本持平，試題難易搭配合理，試卷中各難度層級(jí)試題比例穩(wěn)定。在試題材料難度方面，遵循課標(biāo)要求，注意話題選擇的適切度和語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)言難度。

在話題方面，聽力的錄音材料既涵蓋學(xué)生十分熟悉的日常話題，也包括一些具有挑戰(zhàn)性的話題；在閱讀理解部分，既有相對(duì)易讀的文章，如介紹藝術(shù)家使用廢棄塑料做成精美雕塑、家里保留座機(jī)的現(xiàn)象和原因、黑犀牛的保護(hù)和繁育、藝術(shù)教育走進(jìn)課堂等；

也有較高難度的科普議論性文章，如背景音對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的影響實(shí)驗(yàn)、人們對(duì)天才標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)知的變化、情商的研究、牧牛機(jī)器人的研制介紹等。在語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)言難度方面，在堅(jiān)持保留原語(yǔ)篇文本基本風(fēng)格的前提下，盡力減少過(guò)多文化背景、生詞、長(zhǎng)難句等因素的影響，使文本行文流暢、表達(dá)清楚。

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