教培參考
教育培訓(xùn)行業(yè)知識型媒體
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2024年12月27日 00:17
現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)的基本用法
l)表示現(xiàn)在存在的習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與every day，twice a week(每周二次)，often (常，往往)，usually(通常)，always(總是)，seldom(很少)，sometimes(有時(shí))等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：
She is our English 她是我們的英語老師。
He takes a walk after supper every 他每天晚飯后散步。
The children go to school at seven every 孩子們每天早晨七點(diǎn)上學(xué)。
2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力等。如：
He 他工作很努力。(即：他是一個(gè)勤勞的人。)
Does she like sports?她愛好運(yùn)動(dòng)嗎?(即：她是個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)愛好者嗎?)
The children draw 這些孩子很會(huì)繪畫。(表示能力)
3)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。如：
The sun rises in the 太陽從東方升起。
Two plus two makes 二加二等于四。
Knowledge is power，知識就是力量。
現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)的其他用法
l)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中表示將來的動(dòng)作。如：
When they leave school, they will go to work in 他們畢業(yè)后將到西藏去工作。
If You see him，will You tell him to ring me叩?如果你見到他，叫他給我打個(gè)電話好嗎?
We'll visit the cotton mill if it is fine 如果明天天晴，
我們就去參觀紡織廠。
2)表示安排或計(jì)劃好的將來的動(dòng)作(一般只限于某些表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go，come，leave，start等)。如：
The train starts at ten o'clock in the 火車將于上午十點(diǎn)鐘開出。
When does the Japanese Youth delegation leave for Xian? 日本青年代表團(tuán)什么時(shí)候去西安?
Supper is at five 今天五點(diǎn)開晚飯。
3)引用書籍報(bào)刊或其作者時(shí)，一般須用現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)。如：
Marx says that a foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of 馬克思說外國語是人生斗爭的武器。
The story describes how a Young scientist develops a new 故事描寫一個(gè)青年科學(xué)家如何建立了一個(gè)新的理論。
4)主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如是過去時(shí)態(tài)，其賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般也須用過去時(shí)態(tài)。但賓語從句如說的是客觀真理，它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍須用現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)。如：
Galileo insisted that the earth moves round the 伽利略堅(jiān)持地球繞太陽運(yùn)行的說法。
[注] 圖片說明、電影說明、故事重述、戲劇的舞臺說明以及報(bào)紙上的標(biāo)題和故事的題目，常用現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)，小說一般用過去時(shí)態(tài)。但為了描寫得生動(dòng)，也往往用現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)和其他現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
5)在某些常用句子中表示在一個(gè)具體的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)(即不是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài))。如：
What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在是幾點(diǎn)鐘?
The patient is much better 病人現(xiàn)在好多了。
What is Shanghai like now? 上?，F(xiàn)在的情況如何?
在下面的感嘆句中亦須用現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)。如：
Here he 他來了。(注意here必須在句首)
There goes the 鈴響了。(注意there必須在句首)
過去一般時(shí)的基本概念
過去一般時(shí)(past indefinite tense)表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能只限于一次，也可能是經(jīng)常性的。如：
He went to town 他昨天進(jìn)城了。(一次性動(dòng)作)
The weather was warm last 上個(gè)月天氣很暖和。
When I was Young I took cold baths 我年輕時(shí)常洗冷水浴。(經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作)
過去一般時(shí)的形式
l)概說 過去一般時(shí)由規(guī)則或不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式表示;除be外，其余動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。各種動(dòng)詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)和一般疑問結(jié)構(gòu)，與現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)和一般疑問結(jié)構(gòu)相同。
2)動(dòng)詞be 第一人稱單數(shù)和第三人稱單數(shù)用was，其余用were。
3)動(dòng)詞have 一律用had，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
4)行為動(dòng)詞 一律用過去式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化?，F(xiàn)將過去一般時(shí)在肯定、否定、一般疑問和簡略答語等四種結(jié)構(gòu)。
過去一般時(shí)的用法
l)表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 常帶有如yesterday，two、days ago，last week，in l958等時(shí)間狀語以及由when等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。如：
We had a good swim last 我們上星期天游泳游得真痛快。
She suddenly fell ill 昨天她突然病倒。
2)敘述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事。如：
He got up early in the morning，fetched water，swept the yard and then went out to 他早上起得很早，打水，掃院，然后出去勞動(dòng)。
3)也可以表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
When my brother was a teenager，he played table tennis almost 我弟弟十幾歲時(shí)，幾乎每天都打乒乓球。
[注] 表示過去經(jīng)常的或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，也可以用would加動(dòng)詞原形或用used to加動(dòng)詞原形。如：
When he was a child he would go skating every 在他還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)，每年冬天都去滑冰。
Higgins used to have a big house in 黑根斯先生在市區(qū)曾經(jīng)有座大房子。
My elder brother used to be in the He is now a police 我哥哥曾經(jīng)是解放軍，現(xiàn)在是警官。
4)在條件、時(shí)間狀語從句中表示過去將來的動(dòng)作。如：
They said they would let us know if they heard any news about 他們說如果聽到什么關(guān)于他的消息，就通知我們。
He promised me that when he went to the bookstore he would get me a copy of the Selected Stories of Lu 他答應(yīng)我去書店的時(shí)候替我買一本《魯迅小說選》
將來一般時(shí)的基本概念和形式
將來一般時(shí)(future indefinite tense)表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。將來一般時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall(第一人稱)或will(第二、三人稱)+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。美國英語則不管什么人稱，一律用will現(xiàn)將將來一般時(shí)在肯定、否定、一般疑問及其簡略答語等四種結(jié)構(gòu)中。
將來一般時(shí)的用法
1)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與一些表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：tomorrow(明天)，next week(下周)，from now on(從現(xiàn)在開始)，in a month(一個(gè)月后)，in the future(將來)等。如：
My daughter will be twelve years old 我的女兒明天整十二歲。
He will come to see you the day after 他后天要來看你。
The indoor swimming pool will be open to the public from October 室內(nèi)游泳池自十月十六日起開放。
He will go to the technical training class every other 他將每隔一天到技術(shù)訓(xùn)練班去學(xué)習(xí)。
I shall go back to see my childhood friends in the summer 暑假我要回去看我兒時(shí)的朋友。
Today we shall have a report on the situation in 我們今天有關(guān)于非洲形勢的報(bào)告。
2)表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
We shall work in this factory 我們將每天在這工廠工作。
其他表示將來的說法
1)"be going + 動(dòng)詞不定式''多用于口語中，常表示打算、即將、決心去做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。如：
We are going to visit the Museum of Chinese 我們要去參觀中國歷史博物館。(表打算)
Little Wang studies very hard，he is going to try for a 小王學(xué)習(xí)非常努力，他將爭取獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。(表決心)
Look at those It's going 瞧那些云，要下雨了。(表估計(jì)可能)
The wall is going to collapse! 那墻要倒塌了? (即將)
2) go, come, leave, start等表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
3)"be about + 動(dòng)詞不定式"表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
The English evening is about to 英語晚會(huì)即將開始。
We are about to leave，so there is no time to visit him 我們就要離開了，所以現(xiàn)在沒有時(shí)間去看他。
4)"be + 動(dòng)詞不定式"表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作等，(參看的3)。如：
The boys are to go to school next 這些男孩子下周要上學(xué)了。
He and I are to meet at the Shanghai Railway 他和我約定在上海火車站見面。
I'm to be home before 我午夜前回家。
過去將來一般時(shí)的基本概念和形式
過去將來一般時(shí)(future-in-the-past indefinite tense)表示對于過去某一時(shí)間而言將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
過去將來一般時(shí)由should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)加動(dòng)詞原形組成。美國英語則不論什么人稱，一律用would。
過去將來一般時(shí)的用法
過去將來一般時(shí)常用在賓語從句中。如：
I rang up to tell my aunt that I Should leave for Los Angeles next 我打電話告訴我姑母下星期一我要到洛杉磯去。
Michael said that about twenty agronomists Would come here in a few 邁克爾說，過幾天大約二十個(gè)農(nóng)藝師要到這里來。
They wanted to know when you would finish the 他們想知道你什么時(shí)候?qū)懲赀@篇文章。
We asked him where we Should go to work next 我們問他我們下周上哪兒去干活。
[注]在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，過去將來的動(dòng)作也常用中各種說法的過去時(shí)表示。
[vip]"比較級 + and + 比較級"
(后面不可接than從句)可用來表示"越來越"。如：
The days are getting longer and 白天越來越長了。
He is becoming more and more interested in 他對運(yùn)動(dòng)越來越有興趣了。
The more the more 的用法
意思是"越…，就越…"。如：
The harder you work，the more you Will 你越努力，就越學(xué)得多。
The greater the mass of a body，the greater is its 物體的質(zhì)量越大，它的慣性就越大。
The more you eat，the fatter you 你吃得越多，長得越胖。
The more，the 越多越好。
more than和less than
這兩個(gè)固定詞組分別表示"多于""少于"。如：
There are more than three hundred households in this 這個(gè)村子有三百多戶人家。
The finished the Work in less than a 他們不到一年就完成這項(xiàng)工作。
Our country has established diplomatic relations with more than one hundred 我國已經(jīng)和一百多個(gè)國家建立了外交關(guān)系。
no more than和not more than
no more than的意思是"只不過"，not more than的意思是"不多于"。試比較：
There are no more than ten tickles 剩下不到十張票。(有"票少"的含義)
The experiment was done by not more than 5 做這個(gè)試驗(yàn)的人不到五個(gè)。(沒有"多"或"少"的含義，只是客觀地說明數(shù)目)
This room is no bigger than 這個(gè)房間并不比那個(gè)大。(有"兩個(gè)房間都不大"的含義)
This room is not bigger than that 這個(gè)房間不比那個(gè)大。(沒有"兩個(gè)房間都不大或都不小"的含義)
[注]注意not …. Any more than或no 在下面句子中的用法。如：
They cannot do the impossible any more than we 他們和我們同樣不能做不可能的事情。
He is no more diligent than I 他和我同樣不勤奮
no less than和not 1ess than
no less than的意思是"不亞于"，not less than的意思是"不少于"。試比較：
There were no less than a thousand people at the
到會(huì)的有一千人之多。(有"到會(huì)人多"的含義)
There were not less than one thousand people at the
到會(huì)的至少有一千人。(沒有"到會(huì)人多或人少"的含義)
This song is no less popular than that 這首歌之受歡迎不亞于那首歌。(有"兩首歌都受歡迎"的含義)
This song is not less popular than that 這首歌受歡迎的程度不比那首差。(純粹比較。不一定有"兩首歌都受歡迎"的含義)
All the better和so much the better
這一類的說法都有"因此而更…"的含義。如：
If that is so，all the 果真如此，那就更好。
If he will come，so much the 如果他愿意來，那更好。
_____ in thought while looking at the picture, she didn’t hear the knock at the
To To be lost
about 800,000 employees were forced to stay at home without _____ during the government
being paid paid to be paid
Sometimes you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems _____ if you turn your head
in its
disappeared disappearing to be disappear to disappear
_____ in the sun for such a long time, the photo turned
Being Having exposed
Having been exposed
to the program of transforming Mars, by the year 2185 cities _____ on
will have will have been established
will will be established
is wearing a pair of glasses with a mini-camera _____ in the frame recording everything he
being which hides
doesn't have much free time and he really wants to learn something, so I suggest him _____
to to should trying
Oct 15, 20XX, China became the third country _____ a man into space, after US and
to to have having sent
Planet is a 20XX science fiction film about transforming _____ on 10 November 20XX, it was a critical and commercial
Being Having It was released
10 ______ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the
Not realize Not to realize
Not realizing Not having realized
Fishing boats with huge nets sometimes take too many of the same species of fish from a small area, ______ some ocean waters to be
caused to have caused
to causing
Having lost her job and not having any children to care about her, the poor old lady was reduced ____________ to make a
to beg to begging begging and begged
[vip]"比較級 + and + 比較級"
(后面不可接than從句)可用來表示"越來越"。如：
The days are getting longer and 白天越來越長了。
He is becoming more and more interested in 他對運(yùn)動(dòng)越來越有興趣了。
The more the more 的用法
意思是"越…，就越…"。如：
The harder you work，the more you Will 你越努力，就越學(xué)得多。
The greater the mass of a body，the greater is its 物體的質(zhì)量越大，它的慣性就越大。
The more you eat，the fatter you 你吃得越多，長得越胖。
The more，the 越多越好。
more than和less than
這兩個(gè)固定詞組分別表示"多于""少于"。如：
There are more than three hundred households in this 這個(gè)村子有三百多戶人家。
The finished the Work in less than a 他們不到一年就完成這項(xiàng)工作。
Our country has established diplomatic relations with more than one hundred 我國已經(jīng)和一百多個(gè)國家建立了外交關(guān)系。
no more than和not more than
no more than的意思是"只不過"，not more than的意思是"不多于"。試比較：
There are no more than ten tickles 剩下不到十張票。(有"票少"的含義)
The experiment was done by not more than 5 做這個(gè)試驗(yàn)的人不到五個(gè)。(沒有"多"或"少"的含義，只是客觀地說明數(shù)目)
This room is no bigger than 這個(gè)房間并不比那個(gè)大。(有"兩個(gè)房間都不大"的含義)
This room is not bigger than that 這個(gè)房間不比那個(gè)大。(沒有"兩個(gè)房間都不大或都不小"的含義)
[注]注意not …. Any more than或no 在下面句子中的用法。如：
They cannot do the impossible any more than we 他們和我們同樣不能做不可能的事情。
He is no more diligent than I 他和我同樣不勤奮
no less than和not 1ess than
no less than的意思是"不亞于"，not less than的意思是"不少于"。試比較：
There were no less than a thousand people at the
到會(huì)的有一千人之多。(有"到會(huì)人多"的含義)
There were not less than one thousand people at the
到會(huì)的至少有一千人。(沒有"到會(huì)人多或人少"的含義)
This song is no less popular than that 這首歌之受歡迎不亞于那首歌。(有"兩首歌都受歡迎"的含義)
This song is not less popular than that 這首歌受歡迎的程度不比那首差。(純粹比較。不一定有"兩首歌都受歡迎"的含義)
All the better和so much the better
這一類的說法都有"因此而更…"的含義。如：
If that is so，all the 果真如此，那就更好。
If he will come，so much the 如果他愿意來，那更好。
_____ in thought while looking at the picture, she didn’t hear the knock at the
To To be lost
about 800,000 employees were forced to stay at home without _____ during the government
being paid paid to be paid
Sometimes you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems _____ if you turn your head
in its
disappeared disappearing to be disappear to disappear
_____ in the sun for such a long time, the photo turned
Being Having exposed
Having been exposed
to the program of transforming Mars, by the year 2185 cities _____ on
will have will have been established
will will be established
is wearing a pair of glasses with a mini-camera _____ in the frame recording everything he
being which hides
doesn't have much free time and he really wants to learn something, so I suggest him _____
to to should trying
Oct 15, 20XX, China became the third country _____ a man into space, after US and
to to have having sent
Planet is a 20XX science fiction film about transforming _____ on 10 November 20XX, it was a critical and commercial
Being Having It was released
10 ______ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the
Not realize Not to realize
Not realizing Not having realized
Fishing boats with huge nets sometimes take too many of the same species of fish from a small area, ______ some ocean waters to be
caused to have caused
to causing
Having lost her job and not having any children to care about her, the poor old lady was reduced ____________ to make a
to beg to begging begging and begged
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, fancy new But for tourists like me, pandas are (it) top (attract).
So it was a great honour (invite) backstage at the not-for-profit Panda base, where ticket money (help) pay for research, I (allow)to get up close these cute animals at the 600-acre From tomorrow, I will be their UK The title will be (official)given to me at
ceremony in But my connection pandas goes my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter (permit)to film a special unit (care) for pandas (rescue) from (starve) in the My ambassadorial duties will (introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu others at a research in the misty mountains of
my recent visit, I help lively three-month-old twin
had been rejected by (it) The nursery team
(switch) him every few (day) with his sister so that
one is being bottle-fed, other is with mum-she never
(suspect).
【答案】
be invited
allowed
to
【微語】有些人一牽手就是一輩子，問題是沒有理由牽手。
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