成人英語三級考試：語法非謂語動(dòng)詞(1)

近幾年的語法測試中非謂語動(dòng)詞約占31.1%，平均每年近5道題，可謂是語法項(xiàng)目考查的重點(diǎn)，那么非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查都有哪些特點(diǎn)，解答時(shí)又應(yīng)注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起來分析一下：

1) 謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷

對謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如：

All things ___ because of the snowstorm,many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

A. had been canceled B. have been canceled

C. were canceled D. having been canceled轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)是謂語動(dòng)詞，只有D是非謂語動(dòng)詞，只要同學(xué)們能判斷出這里是非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語，則不用考慮時(shí)態(tài)的問題，答案自明。

2) 謂語動(dòng)詞后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的選擇

謂語動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞也是三級語法測試中的一個(gè)題眼。如：

① I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

A. you to delay making B. your delaying making

C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make

② Had I remembered ____ the windows,the thief would not have got in.

A. to close B. closing

C. to have closed D. having closed

③ Your hair wants ______ . You'd better have it done tomorrow.

A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut

這類題涉及三個(gè)方面：

謂語動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)該接不定式還是動(dòng)名詞?轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

即可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)和意思上有何差別?

不定式與動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式還是用被動(dòng)形式?

3) 做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇

從近幾年的考查情況來看，對做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查有兩種情況：

(1)對一般概念的考查，而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語。如：

① The project ____ by the end of 2000,will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.

A. accomplished B. being accomplished

C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished

② If I correct someone,I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one ______.

A. to correct B. correcting

C. having been corrected D. being corrected

同學(xué)們只要掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語的一般的規(guī)律,就可以判斷①題答案為C，②題答案為D。

(2)對固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，如：

① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his　arguments in favor of the new theory.

A. to be based on B. to base on

C. which to base on D. on which to base

② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic,but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

A. to compete B. competing

C. to be competed D. having competed

①題為不定式做定語的固定形式，答案為D，②題為某些特定名詞的定語結(jié)構(gòu)，

4) 做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇

做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如：

① ______ the earth to be flat,many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.

A. Having believed B. Believing

C. Believed D. Being Believed

② _______ a teacher in a university,it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.

A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming

③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from　his father,he decided to sell his watch.

A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wanting D. wanting not

④ ___ it or not,his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.

A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed

從以上各題來看，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有：

(1)狀語類別的判斷

不同的狀語對非謂語動(dòng)詞的要求不同，目的狀語要求用不定式，如②。

(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系

根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞。

(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式

not否定非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語動(dòng)詞之前，如③。

(4) 獨(dú)立成分

有些非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語關(guān)系的限制，稱為獨(dú)立成分，這類成 分只記憶即可。如:

generally speaking,judging from...,to tell the truth...,等。

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