成人英語三級考試輔導(dǎo)：being的用法詳解

being 既可以是謂語動詞，也可以是非謂語動詞。作為謂語動詞，其用法比較簡單，主要用于構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)(含被動語態(tài)的進行時態(tài));作為非謂語動詞，其用法則比較復(fù)雜，可用于引出短語構(gòu)成主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語等。

一、being 用作謂語動詞

1.當(dāng) being 為助動詞時，用作謂語動詞的 being 主要與過去分詞連用，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。如：

I’m always being criticized.轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

我總是挨批。

He is being interviewed now.

他現(xiàn)在正在接受面試。

He is being met at the station tonight.

今晚有人去車站迎接他。

2. 當(dāng) being 為連系動詞時，用作謂語動詞的 being 主要與形容詞連用，表示臨時特征或暫時現(xiàn)象。如：

You’re being stupid.

你真傻。

You are not being very polite.轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com

你可是不大客氣呀。

Your brother is being very annoying this evening.

你兄弟今晚很煩人。

二、being 用作非謂語動詞

1. 當(dāng) being 為助動詞時，用作非謂語動詞的 being 具有以下用法：

(1) 作主語。如：

Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路可能是一種很可怕的經(jīng)歷。

Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous. 出名所付出的代價是不管你走到哪里，都會被人認出來。

(2) 作賓語。

He can’t stand being kept waiting. 讓他等著，他可不干。

Do you like being stared at? 你愿意人家盯著你看嗎?

(3) 作賓語補足語。如：

I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看到他正被警察帶走。

I found myself being drawn into another dreary argument. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)竟然身不由己又參與了一次無聊的爭論。

It’s interesting (for children) to see a house being built. (孩子們)看造房子是挺有趣的事。

(4) 作定語。如：

Did you see that boy being questioned by the police? 你看見那個男孩受到警察的盤問了嗎?

We are going to reduce the number of trees being cut down. 我們要減少砍伐的樹的數(shù)量。

(5) 作狀語。如：

Being given a chance，she immediately jumped at it. 給了她這個機會，她立刻抓住了。

Being well taken care of，she recovered quickly. 她受到很好的照顧，身體恢復(fù)得很快。

注：有時 being可帶有自己的邏輯主語(構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))。如：

The question being settled，we went home. 問題解決之后，我們就回家了。

2. 當(dāng) being 為連系動詞時，用作非謂語動詞的 being 具有以下用法：

(1) 作主語。如：

Being tired often makes me short-tempered. 我一累就容易發(fā)脾氣。

Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult. 又聾又啞很難與人交往。

(2) 作賓語。如：

I don’t like being in the office all day. 我不喜歡整天呆在辦公室里。

You can be alone without being lonely. 你可以獨處而不感到寂寞。

(3) 作賓語補足語。如：

He said it to stop her being too proud. 他說這話是想要她不要太驕傲。

I’m sorry to see you being so sad about it. 看到你對這事這樣傷心，我很難過。

She complains of the room being too small for her. 她埋怨房間太小了。

(4) 作狀語。如：

Being anxious to please him，I bought him a nice present. 因為我想討好他，我給他買了一件好禮物。

Being unemployed，he hasn’t got much money. 由于他沒有工作，他沒有多少錢。

(5) 用于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

It being a holiday，all the shops were shut. 由于是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。

The weather being hot，we had to stay at home. 由于天氣炎熱，我們只好呆在家里。

There being no further business，l declare the meeting closed. 沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會。

Other things being equal，Alice would marry Jim. 如果其他條件都一樣的話，愛莉絲就會嫁給吉姆。

三、being 用法的限制

1. 當(dāng) being 為連系動詞時，非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu) being ... 可用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語等，但是不能用作定語。遇此情況，可考慮改用定語從句。如：

凡10點鐘以后仍在外面的人將被逮捕。

誤：Anyone being outside after ten o’clock will be arrested.

正：Anyone who is outside after ten o’clock will be arrested.

2. 當(dāng) being 為助動詞時，非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu) being ... 可用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語等，也可用作定語。如：

The house being built is our new library. 正在建的房子是我們的新圖書館。

That picture of the children being talked to by the Prime Minister is wonderful. 那張小孩子們正在聆聽首相談話的照片照得非常好。

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