Toefl 近四年的聽力資料 文本加試題加MP3資料
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2025年04月07日 14:13
Toefl 近四年的聽力資料 文本加試題加MP3資料
哇..獅子大開口...懸賞都沒(méi)有........這么多東西,我傳都要半天..
嗯,樓主,你就把我這個(gè)選中為答案把,反正沒(méi)人會(huì)發(fā)給你的,畢竟東西太多了
但是我知道哪里可以下載,
在地址欄上打小馬過(guò)河,再注冊(cè)一個(gè),再在托福資源里面看
你說(shuō)的東西都可以下到的,努力阿求:2000年1月托福聽力原文!
2000年1月TOEFL聽力試題
Section One: Listening Comprehension
1. (A) Spend more time working on calculus
problems.
(B) Talk to an advisor about dropping the
course.
(C) Work on the assignment with a classmate.
(D) Ask the graduate assistant for help.
2. (A) Go home to get a book.
(B) Return a book to the library.
(C) Pick up a book at the library for the woman.
(D) Ask the librarian for help in finding a book.
3. (A) The woman could use his metric ruler.
(B) He'll finish taking the measurements for the
woman.
(C) The woman's ruler is better than his.
(D) He's faster at making the conversions than
the woman.
4. (A) She wants the man to attend the tournament with her.
(B) The tournament begins next week.
(C) The man should check with his doctor again
(D) She hopes the man will be able to play in
the tournament.
5. (A) The advisor has already approved the man's class schedule.
(B) The man should make an appointment to
see his advisor.
(C) The man should change his course schedule.
(D) The man should sign the document before
leaving.
6. (A) She didn't teach class today.
(B) She noticed that the students didn't do their
homework.
(C) She usually assigns homework.
(D) She usually talks quietly.
7. (A) It started to rain when she was at the beach.
(B) She'd like the man to go to the beach with
her.
(C) The forecast calls for more rain tomorrow.
(D) She won't go to the beach tomorrow if it
rains.
8. (A) She disagrees with the man.
(B) She doesn't enjoy long speeches.
(C) She hadn't known how long the speech
would be.
(D) She doesn't have a strong opinion about the
speaker
9. (A) He makes more money than the woman.
(B) He's satisfied with his job.
(C) He had trouble finding a job.
(D) He doesn't like working outdoors.
10. (A) He has already finished his report.
(B) He hasn't chosen a topic for his report.
(C) The woman's report is already long
enough.
(D) The woman will have time to finish her
report
11. (A) She'll speak to Larry about the problem.
(B) Larry has apologized to his roommate.
(C) Larry should find a new roommate.
(D) Larry's roommate may be partly
responsible for the problem.
12. (A) The man should take his vacation
somewhere else.
(B) She doesn't know when her semester ends.
(C) She hasn't called the travel agent yet
(D) The man may have to reschedule his trip.
13. (A) She didn't work hard enough on it
(B) It'wasn't as good as she thought
(C) Her professor was pleased with it.
(D) It was written according to the professor's
guidelines.
14. (A) Go to the ballet later in the year.
(B) Take ballet lessons with his sister.
(C) Get a schedule of future performances.
(D) Get a ticket from his sister.
15. (A) Her hotel is located far from the conference center
(B) She didn't want to stay at the Gordon.
(C) The man should consider moving to a
different hotel.
(D) She isn't sure how to get to the conference
center.
16. (A) Few readers agreed with his ideas.
(B) Very few people have read his article.
(C) He doesn't expect the article to be
published.
(D) The woman doesn't fully understand the
article,
17. (A) He'll go with the woman to the next
hockey game.
(B) He missed the hockey game because he
was ill.
(C) He forgot about the hockey game.
(D) He doesn't like to go to hockey games.
18. (A) Karen can drive to the airport on Tuesday.
(B) Karen can attend the meeting on Tuesday.
(C) Karen had to change her plans at the last
minute.
(D) Karen is returning from a trip on Tuesday.
19. (A) Call her after five.
(B) Make calls from her phone.
(C) Go to the meeting with her.
(D) Fix her phone.
20. (A) Look for more information for their
financial plan.
(B) Ask for more time to finish their financial
plan.
(C) Finish their financial plan with the
material available to them.
(D) Turn in their financial plan late.
21. (A) He doesn't want to drive anymore.
(B) The road to Bridgeport just opened.
(C) It doesn't take long to get to Bridgeport.
(D) He has memorized every part of the drive.
22. (A) She doesn't have time to work in a garden.
(B) She'll consider the man's invitation.
(C) She doesn't want to join a gardening club.
(D) She was never formally invited to join a
gardening club.
23. (A) She's enjoying the music.
(B) The music will keep her awake.
(C) The music doesn't bother her .
(D) She would prefer a different style of music.
24. (A) His house can accommodate a meeting of the entire committee.
(B) The woman should find out when the
meeting starts.
(C) The meeting should be held at the library.
(D) A smaller committee should be formed.
25. (A) She doesn't have time to collect the data.
(B) She prefers to wait until after the election.
(C) She needs to decide on a method soon.
(D) She'll send out the questionnaire in a
month.
26. (A) He's angry with the woman,
(B) He feels sick.
(C) He doesn't get along well with some
people.
(D) He prefers to study alone.
27. (A) It provides reading material for people
waiting to get in.
(B) He had to wait a long time for a seat there.
(C) He wasn't able to find a seat there.
(D) The seats used there are uncomfortable.
28. (A) Students still have time to apply for a loan.
(B) Students must wait until next month to
submit loan applications.
(C) The woman should find out whether
her loan application was accepted.
(D) The woman should ask for an extension
on the application deadline.
29. (A) The casserole usually contains fewer
vegetables.
(B) She wishes she hadn't ordered the
casserole
(C) The cafeteria usually uses canned
vegetables.
(D) She doesn't usually eat in the cafeteria,
30. (A) Stay in the dormitory.
(B) Find out the cost of living in the dormitory.
(C) Ask for a reduction in her rent.
(D) Move into an apartment with a roommate.
31. (A) They're classmates.
(B) They're roommates.
(C) They're cousins.
(D) They're lab partners.
32. (A) He couldn't decide on a topic for his paper.
(B) He thought his paper was late.
(C) He hadn't heard from his family in a while.
(D) He thought the woman had been ill.
33. (A) To find their way back to the nest.
(B) To locate plant fibers.
(C) To identify kinds of honey.
(D) To identify relatives.
34. (A) Visit his parents.
(B) Write a paper.
(C) Observe how bees build nests
(D) Plan a family reunion.
35. (A) An alternative use of fuel oil.
(B) A way to make fuel oil less polluting.
(C) A new method for locating underground
oil.
(D) A new source of fuel oil
36. (A) She was doing research for a paper on it,
(B) She read a newspaper article about it.
(C) She was told about it by her roommate.
(D) She heard about it in class.
37. (A) To produce a gas containing carbon and
hydrogen.
(B) To remove impurities from methanol.
(C) To heat the reactors
(D) To prevent dangerous gases from forming
38. (A) It hasn't been fully tested.
(B) It's quite expensive.
(C) It uses up scarce minerals.
(D) The gas it produces is harmful to the
environment.
39. (A) The influence of European popular music
on non-Western music.
(B) The musical background of the director of
the Broadway version of The Lion King
(C) The types of music used in the Broadway
version of The Lion King.
(D) Differences between the music of the
film version and the Broadway version
of The Lion King.
40. (A) It was performed by the Zulu people of
South Africa.
(B) It developed outside the musical
traditions of Europe.
(C) It's familiar to most audiences in the
United States.
(D) The students heard it performed in
New York City.
41. (A) The director is of African ancestry.
(B) The director wanted the songs in the
Broadway version to be identical to the
songs in the film.
(C) The Broadway version was first performed
in Africa.
(D) The story takes place in Africa.
42. (A) A type of music that originated in
Indonesia.
(B) The meaning of non-English words used in
a song
(C) The plot of The Lion King
(D) Popular rock and jazz music performed in
43. (A) How ancient philosophers measured the
distance between heavenly bodies.
(B) How ancient philosophers explained the
cause of an eclipse of the Moon.
(C) Why ancient philosophers thought the
Earth was a sphere.
(D) Why ancient philosophers thought the
Earth moved around the Sun.
44. (A) How the natural world was described
in Greek mythology.
(B) What they observed directly.
(C) The writings of philosophers from other
societies.
(D) Measurements made with scientific
instruments.
45. (A) They noticed an apparent change in the
position of the North Star.
(B) They observed eclipses at different times
of the year.
(C) They were the first to estimate the distance
between heavenly bodies.
(D) They wanted to prove that the Earth was
flat.
46. (A) A place for making astronomical
observations.
(B) An instrument used for observing stars.
(C) A unit of measurement.
(D) The North Star.
47. (A) One of the students asked him about it in
the previous class.
(B) He read about it the previous day.
(C) He had just read Dr. Frederick Cock's
travel log
(D) The students were required to read about
it for that day's class
48. (A) That Peary bad announced his success
prematurely.
(B) That the investigation of Peary's
expedition wasn't thorough.
(C) That Peary wasn't an experienced explorer.
(D) That he had reached the pole before Peary
did.
49. (A) They talked to one of Peary's companions.
(B) They interviewed Peary.
(C) They conducted a computer analysis of
photographs.
(D) They examined Peary's navigation tools,
50. (A) Dr. Cook's expedition.
(B) The conclusions of the Navigation
Foundation.
(C) Exploration of the Equator.
(D) Exploration of the South Pole.
答案:0001
DBADB CDABD DDBDA ADABC DCBCC BBACA ABDBD DABCB DACBA CADCDTOEFL的經(jīng)典加試及其答案
網(wǎng)上答案都不會(huì)太詳細(xì),只有憑借回憶,希望有所幫助~
閱讀
1.兩河流域蘇美文明與埃及文明之比較
科學(xué)家驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn),兩種文明可以在同一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生。在埃及文化產(chǎn)生時(shí),美索不達(dá)米亞文化也同時(shí)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
埃及土地肥沃,造成它的獨(dú)立致。
美索不達(dá)米亞兩河流域,地理環(huán)境特殊,四周沙漠什么的,老被侵略,所以都是一個(gè)幫一個(gè)幫的,美索不達(dá)米亞文化不像埃及文化一樣,美索不達(dá)米亞文化沒(méi)有留下很多遺產(chǎn)。當(dāng)初美索不達(dá)米亞的居民生活好像挺好的,所以一直沒(méi)有人提出統(tǒng)一的想法,很久以后才有,可是由于大量的花費(fèi)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)上什么的,很快就覆滅了。
由于當(dāng)時(shí)的環(huán)境條件,那里的人們都用泥土/木頭蓋房子,所以和埃及不一樣,現(xiàn)在我們沒(méi)找到什么當(dāng)初留下的建筑物。我們現(xiàn)在還挖出了許多陶器石板,上面刻著文字,只能通過(guò)這些推知?dú)v史。后來(lái)又變成什么蘇美爾了,這是從外面遷徙過(guò)來(lái)的民族。
兩河地域的美索布達(dá)米婭文明,先是和埃及文明作比較,比較的結(jié)果是他們(美索)由外來(lái)入侵,文明不易保存,建筑用的材料也不易保存,考古學(xué)家只能從挖掘出來(lái)的文物中研究他們。
后半部分是講蘇美爾人在兩河地區(qū)建立的文明的特點(diǎn),特別是他們城邦的宗教神祗制度,影響了他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度(獻(xiàn)納)。大題目是分類題,比較埃及文明和蘇美爾文明 。
開頭,it is astonishing that...兩個(gè)地方在同一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生了兩種文化,并且互有交流。
(1)astonishing 這個(gè)詞是什么意思?我選的 amazing
(2)在西元 XXX 年,尼祿文化和 M 文化同時(shí)發(fā)展。對(duì)原文這句話的同意改寫。M 地很少出現(xiàn)一個(gè)唯一的統(tǒng)治者,即使有,掌權(quán)時(shí)間也是很短暫的。地理上容易受外界侵襲,不像埃及那樣,有唯一的統(tǒng)治者。埃及有 divine kingship ,M 地內(nèi)亂外亂一堆,內(nèi)亂和外亂是替換。
(3)內(nèi)亂外侵 are its substitute.考察指代,its substitute 是什么、我選的 devine kingship。即使 M 地這么亂,它的 culture and artistic continuity are remarkable.
(4)那個(gè)對(duì) m 地文化的描述不對(duì)?我選的:文化和藝術(shù)發(fā)展不連續(xù)。M 地的文字和其他的文化沒(méi)有什么聯(lián)系。M 地人沒(méi)有埃及那樣對(duì) hereafter 來(lái)世的概念。而且 他們的建筑材料是 mud and wood,不持久,雖然在 city of Ur.發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些富人的墳?zāi)埂?br>(5)Ur 城市地點(diǎn)在哪里?前一段末尾說(shuō) M 地的什么在兩河交流處。本段說(shuō) m 人來(lái)自 P 地,在 southern M 地。選項(xiàng)記得三個(gè),egypt, northern M,兩河交匯處。我選的最后一個(gè)。
(6)雖然在 city of Ur.發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些富人的墳?zāi)?。這句話的作用?對(duì) M 地的了解只能通過(guò) extration 的東西,上面有 vast XXX。
(7)vast 這個(gè)詞的意思 我選的 large number
(8)插入,插入文字:雖然學(xué)者們對(duì) M 地的研究取得了如此成就,我們對(duì) M 地人的生活了解很有限。M 地不同地區(qū)有不同的 god 和 human ruler。human ruler 帶領(lǐng)人們進(jìn)行祭神的活動(dòng)。god 不僅呼風(fēng)喚雨,對(duì)土地有所有權(quán),而且能夠分配人力資源,還能 XXX。divine 的 XXX 不是 fiction,從 M 地的神身上就能看出來(lái)。M 地有 divine socialism,神廟條配人力和莊稼。所以說(shuō),雖然writing 是宗教相關(guān)的,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)神廟的記錄都是和經(jīng)濟(jì)和農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的。
(9)對(duì) M 地神的描述哪個(gè)不對(duì)?我選的,一個(gè)神和另一個(gè)神打架。
(10)為什么說(shuō)那個(gè) divineXXX 不是 fiction?答案對(duì)應(yīng)原文,記不清楚了。
(11)....a considerable part of harvest... considerable 是什么意思?選表示很多的那個(gè)詞。
(12)考察全文主要內(nèi)容的多項(xiàng)選擇。
2.達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論
1.
達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論著重強(qiáng)調(diào)由于環(huán)境變化什么的動(dòng)植物要經(jīng)過(guò)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的進(jìn)化才形成新物種。但有些人提出短時(shí)間內(nèi)物種也能進(jìn)化。有一種魚,放在下游,還有好多predator,所以這些魚的繁殖速度加快,baby與魚比以前大,質(zhì)量差,畸形多,所以就不會(huì)超負(fù)荷。而且長(zhǎng)得快。放在上游,并且有很少predator,它們的繁殖速度就慢,而且baby魚不大并且生長(zhǎng)速度慢。
說(shuō)有一種鳥,有的嘴大有的嘴小。最小的就只能吃小的seed/nut。有一段時(shí)間干旱,種子大,死了好多鳥,可調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn),死的鳥是有規(guī)律的。斯的大多是小嘴的鳥。后來(lái)天氣恢復(fù)正常之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)那些后代鳥比以前的嘴大了。雨量充沛的話,鳥的嘴又比以前小了。
達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論要求很長(zhǎng)期才能看出來(lái)進(jìn)化特征,文章舉了兩個(gè)例子關(guān)于短期進(jìn)化實(shí)驗(yàn):
1。人工干預(yù)的實(shí)驗(yàn),一種魚類,在深海有很多天敵,淺海天敵較少,把他們放在天敵很多的環(huán)境中讓他們生活,若干年后,這些魚開始生命周期縮短,產(chǎn)卵早,母魚不撫養(yǎng)幼魚。再把他們放回淺海后,由若干年觀察他們,他們產(chǎn)卵比最初減少,但體積增大。
2。自然實(shí)驗(yàn):一個(gè)島上有一種鳥,一次大干旱,很多喙小的鳥滅絕了,因?yàn)猷勾蟮镍B能夠更好地?cái)z取食物;后來(lái)自然條件恢復(fù),發(fā)現(xiàn)那些鳥的喙又逐漸減小。
2.
動(dòng)物向大體積進(jìn)化的理論:大體積生物不靈活,趨向于進(jìn)化的終結(jié),舉了兩個(gè)例子:
1。大象,四肢等身體特征和體積龐大很有關(guān)系
2。鯨魚,靠水支撐體重),與大象同源于一種嚙齒動(dòng)物,祖先體積小,生活在淺灘,有后肢,后來(lái)變成鯨魚。
開頭,達(dá)爾文認(rèn)為自然選擇 are too slow for people to witness.
(1)witness 是什么意思,選 observe
(2)為什么達(dá)爾文這么認(rèn)為?選自然選擇要進(jìn)行很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。R 科學(xué)家那 guppy做試驗(yàn)。
(3)試驗(yàn)描述 guppy 總是 grow as quickly as possible to mate,產(chǎn)生 as many offsprings. 早熟的代價(jià)是 life span 變短,每個(gè) offspring 也不能得到太多母 guppy 的 engergy。the risk of early death are offset by other risks.說(shuō)的這一段是什么作用?前一段末尾說(shuō)了,R put the predications into test.這段是描述試驗(yàn),測(cè)試猜測(cè)。
(4)offset 這個(gè)詞的意思?balanced。R 又測(cè)試,把 guppy 從捕食者多的地方放到捕食者少的 pool 里養(yǎng),他們相對(duì)晚熟,活的更久,每窩產(chǎn)更少的蛋,蛋的個(gè)頭比
對(duì)比組都大。
(5)對(duì)上述內(nèi)容那個(gè)說(shuō)法不對(duì)?對(duì),每窩產(chǎn)更多卵。有些自然選擇不需要人的干預(yù)
就能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生。
(6)插入,插入內(nèi)容是,在這種情況下,生物學(xué)家只要活的久就能觀察到變化。某地干旱,一對(duì)夫婦學(xué)者觀察那里的一種鳥,birds with small beaks only eat small seeds. birds with long beaks could eat large seeds because their beaks are strong enough to break the large seeds.干旱的時(shí)候小種子少,嘴短的鳥死了,嘴長(zhǎng)的鳥
存活。存活的鳥和第二年的鳥交配,后代的鳥嘴整體變長(zhǎng)。雨量又充足的時(shí)候,又足夠小種子,這個(gè)時(shí)候,新出生的鳥的鳥嘴又變短了。
(7)長(zhǎng)嘴鳥的優(yōu)勢(shì)?打碎種子。
(8)鳥嘴和 guppy 試驗(yàn)的共同點(diǎn)?好像選的都在相對(duì)短的時(shí)間發(fā)生,自然選擇人類可以觀察到。
(9)雨量充足的日子鳥嘴又變短了,忘了考的什么題目。
(10)考察全文主要內(nèi)容的多選
聽力
1.DIALOGUE ONE
主題:女學(xué)生丟了錢包
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介:女生的錢包中里面有她的student id& meal card以及 key等東西,無(wú)法回dorm。于是去student service辦id card,遇到staff(口音是黑人)把守,說(shuō)沒(méi)有id card 不能進(jìn)去,要么出示driving license,要么是有頭像照片的證件,比如passport或者其他。但是女生說(shuō),我的wallet丟了,id card沒(méi)了,passport也在dorm里面,而沒(méi)有id card,dorm不讓進(jìn)(有題目出現(xiàn),問(wèn)她為什么拿不到passport)。后來(lái)女說(shuō)這個(gè)問(wèn)題她和dorm負(fù)責(zé)人說(shuō)過(guò),有email 到這里做說(shuō)明。staff查了查,果然如此,然后staff又說(shuō)如果你能正確說(shuō)出passport 的number,就讓她進(jìn)去,女學(xué)生從容的說(shuō)出了number,他說(shuō)OK,你可以進(jìn)去了,但是你會(huì)受到監(jiān)視。女生說(shuō)who cares! 女生又說(shuō)了:她的meal card也掉了。管理員說(shuō):你在里面辦ID的時(shí)候也可以順便辦了meal card。女生說(shuō):你真的是幫了我很大的忙啊! 管理員:if you have some other problems, I am glad to help you。女生說(shuō)you help! (本句語(yǔ)氣為降調(diào),有問(wèn)題出現(xiàn),問(wèn)女生為什么這么說(shuō)。此題兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng):1、女生懷疑這個(gè)管理員是不是能幫他。2、女生在解決了所有的問(wèn)題之后如釋重負(fù))
本篇文章要點(diǎn):
分析:本篇文章屬于對(duì)話類文章,涉及的內(nèi)容為學(xué)生的日常生活以及學(xué)習(xí)生活。這類文章的難點(diǎn)在于會(huì)出現(xiàn)有些在外國(guó)大學(xué)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)的一些專有名詞,比如id card, meal card等等,這些名詞是我們?cè)谥袊?guó)大學(xué)中不會(huì)看到的,所以需要同學(xué)們事先按照我們的場(chǎng)景分類法對(duì)該場(chǎng)景的詞匯進(jìn)行總結(jié)記憶。另外,本篇文章涉及到了一些關(guān)于句子語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)調(diào)的解釋,不同的語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)調(diào)該句話的意思就會(huì)產(chǎn)生變化,比如最后一句話you help!。這是一道雙選題,要根據(jù)女生的語(yǔ)氣進(jìn)行選擇。
常見場(chǎng)景的特有單詞的表達(dá)法:student ID, dorm, student service, staff, driving license, director, meal card, check, wallet/purse
語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)的考察:If you have some other problems, I am glad to help you. You help! / who cares.
2.LECTURE ONE
主題:神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞研究
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介:教授說(shuō)早期對(duì)人類大腦的研究集中在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞neuron,讓一男生起來(lái)回答上節(jié)課的主要內(nèi)容,男生說(shuō)bioelectricity(生物電) 通過(guò)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞傳導(dǎo),通過(guò)兩個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的接觸點(diǎn)傳到下一個(gè)細(xì)胞,有趣的是說(shuō)到這里被教授打斷,說(shuō)他答得已經(jīng)很完整了(有題目出現(xiàn),問(wèn)教授打斷他的用意)。glial cells(神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞)的作用在早期被忽視了,人們認(rèn)為膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞只有支持神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的作用。后來(lái)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞也有傳導(dǎo)信息的作用,不是通過(guò)生物電,而是化學(xué)物質(zhì)傳導(dǎo)。于是總共有三種傳導(dǎo)方式,神經(jīng)細(xì)胞間,膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞間,神經(jīng)和膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞互相傳導(dǎo)。而且發(fā)現(xiàn)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的數(shù)量及其巨大,遠(yuǎn)多于神經(jīng)細(xì)胞。同時(shí)還可能有修復(fù)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,決定哪些神經(jīng)長(zhǎng)的大。教授又說(shuō),膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞可能與智力有關(guān),越多智商越高,但這不確定。教授說(shuō)對(duì)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的研究是一個(gè)很開闊的領(lǐng)域,建議學(xué)生們可以考慮畢業(yè)后作深入研究(有題目出現(xiàn))。
本篇文章要點(diǎn):
分析:本篇文章所涉及的正是托福聽力中最難的關(guān)于生物學(xué)方面的知識(shí),所以其中的生詞非常多,比如glial cell等,但是同學(xué)們要注意,凡是托福聽力中涉及到的生詞,都會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些解釋原則對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明,比如會(huì)出現(xiàn)which means等詞語(yǔ)。
biology 講glial cell(神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞)。以往人們對(duì)神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)的研究?jī)H限于neuron(神經(jīng)元),也叫nerve cell。神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)通過(guò)electrical communication從一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)傳到另一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn),神經(jīng)元被認(rèn)為起主要作用,glial cell(神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞)研究的很少,一直被忽略,被看作help the growth of neurons(有題目出現(xiàn)),起輔助作用。
后來(lái)偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦中g(shù)lial cell(神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞)比neuron(神經(jīng)細(xì)胞)的數(shù)目多很多,glial cell(神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞)引起了科學(xué)家的重視,開始研究它究竟起什么作用(有題目出現(xiàn),問(wèn)glial cell怎么引起科學(xué)家注意的)。
后來(lái)有一重大突破,發(fā)現(xiàn)glial cell傳導(dǎo)信號(hào)不是用的electrical signal,而是用chemical conductor(有題目出現(xiàn))。傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)一直誤以為glial cell也像nerve cell一樣用電信號(hào)。后來(lái)談到glial cell可能的作用:使人更intelligent。
對(duì)glial cell的認(rèn)識(shí)目前十分有限,但相關(guān)研究已經(jīng)開始流行,是大家畢業(yè)之后可選的研究課題(有題目出現(xiàn))
3.LECTURE TWO
主題:浪漫主義詩(shī)歌
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介:主要介紹18-19 世紀(jì)英國(guó)浪漫主義(Romanticism)詩(shī)歌的代表人Wordsworth的詩(shī)。他是浪漫主義的鼻祖,但浪漫主義這個(gè)稱謂是后人加上的,不是他們本身這樣稱呼自己的(有題目出現(xiàn))。Romanticism不是我們平時(shí)理解的romance,和男女之間的愛情無(wú)關(guān)。Romanticism針對(duì)的是common people而不是少數(shù)educated people,用的是simple language,描述的是日常生活中常見的事物,孩子,人類情感,以及自然和人類之間的互動(dòng)。教授以自己為例,說(shuō)自己在散步時(shí)感受到了這種互動(dòng)(有題目出現(xiàn))與romanticism針鋒相對(duì)的一種風(fēng)格是neoclassicism新古典主義,也是那位romanticism的鼻祖很反對(duì)的。neoclassicism使用太多的elaboration,如sky不叫sky,而叫blue什么的;bird不叫bird,而叫feathered person。教授把該詩(shī)人的作品分為三個(gè)階段。早期的浪漫主義作品,主要描述植物的(花與草)詩(shī)歌。中期時(shí)是對(duì)一些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的評(píng)論。后期時(shí)對(duì)早期的作品進(jìn)行修改。目前文學(xué)界還是認(rèn)為它早期的作品是最好的。教授還說(shuō),他的詩(shī)越寫到后來(lái)越糟糕,反而早期的比較好,本文重點(diǎn)講了他第一階段的詩(shī)。
本篇文章要點(diǎn):
本篇文章中涉及到了一道舉例題,比如文章中教授會(huì)用自己的一個(gè)經(jīng)歷舉例子,然后問(wèn)教授為什么說(shuō)這個(gè)例子,學(xué)生在聽文章的時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意到比如for example等詞句,文中一旦出現(xiàn)例子,一定會(huì)有考題出現(xiàn)。另外,文章涉及到了一個(gè)事物的分類,像這種分類的情況,一定也會(huì)涉及到考題,比如填表體等等。所以考生在聽得過(guò)程中,應(yīng)該記住是怎么分類的,并且記住每一類的具體特征即可。
4.DIALOGUE TWO
主題:鳥類遷徙bird migration
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介:一個(gè)學(xué)生找老師因?yàn)樗獙懙腷ird migration的報(bào)告,但找不到足夠多的材料,老師認(rèn)為不可能材料不夠(有問(wèn)題出現(xiàn),問(wèn)教授這話什么意思,答案是她認(rèn)為找resource應(yīng)該easy),男生說(shuō)因?yàn)樗獙懙胮aper是關(guān)于古代鳥類遷徙的,所以資料不夠。教授的說(shuō):“你確實(shí)找到了一個(gè)好的題目,但是你要知道我的要求是你們的論文要反映你們這學(xué)期學(xué)了什么?!焙髞?lái)他說(shuō)想寫關(guān)于Aristotle關(guān)于這個(gè)題目的看法之類的,老師說(shuō)她的要求是希望他們運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)研究來(lái)完成paper 不要做summarization,希望他換一種想法,可以寫以前的old theory,然后現(xiàn)在的這些新研究如何支持或者駁斥這些theory,接著他想到可以寫bird migrate at night,人們大多只看到大鳥,所以認(rèn)為小鳥在大鳥的翅膀下遷徙什么的,其實(shí)新發(fā)現(xiàn)是因?yàn)樾▲B晚上飛(有問(wèn)題出現(xiàn),通過(guò)說(shuō)這個(gè)topic來(lái)驗(yàn)證自己理解了老師的意圖change the topic from ancient to recent)。后來(lái)他又想寫一種不遷徙而是冬眠的鳥,又被老師拒絕了,老師說(shuō)才15頁(yè)的報(bào)告就不要那么折騰成這樣,但是想法挺不錯(cuò)。最后老師希望他一周后再來(lái)一下,看一看他確定的方向。
本篇文章要點(diǎn):
分析:本篇文章依然可以按照?qǐng)鼍胺诸惙ㄟM(jìn)行整理總結(jié),比如遇到些論文的場(chǎng)景,可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)論文材料的討論,論文涉及的內(nèi)容,論文上交的日期等等,聽力前掌握好這些要點(diǎn)對(duì)于聽力會(huì)有一定的指導(dǎo)性。
5.LECTURE THREE
主題:拉格泰姆音樂(lè)(1890-1915期間在美國(guó)流行的一種音樂(lè))Ragtime music
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介:Ragtime介紹了一種流行于美國(guó)十九世紀(jì)左右名為ragtime的音樂(lè),能夠表現(xiàn)年青人的活力(spirit of youth)之類的,此樂(lè)流行是由于piano的關(guān)系,因?yàn)閮烧哒媸翘钆淞恕T谀莻€(gè)年代,在各種場(chǎng)合都用鋼琴。此樂(lè)當(dāng)時(shí)流行程度,就像Rock & Roll在某一時(shí)期一樣。(有問(wèn)題出現(xiàn),女學(xué)生說(shuō)了一堆后,來(lái)了一句 I just don't get it,意思是要教授explain),還說(shuō)piano 之所以當(dāng)時(shí)那么受歡迎,一是因?yàn)樗芘c音律產(chǎn)生和諧,另一是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)它算一種財(cái)富地位的象征什么的symbol of wealth and status。再加上那個(gè)年代,大家都沒(méi)錢,就去public concert or restaurant什么的聽音樂(lè),而piano聲音夠響亮,又和ragtime music rhythm搭配的天衣無(wú)縫,所以,兩者相得益彰這個(gè)音樂(lè)年輕人很喜歡,因?yàn)楹苡屑で?。除了到處演出啊,park演出等不用鋼琴,因?yàn)殡y搬(有考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn),because of transportation problem)。同時(shí),此樂(lè)也是 jazz的前身,因?yàn)檠葑嗾卟话磁评沓雠?,一首曲七個(gè)人彈,彈出七種調(diào)。這種ragtime音樂(lè)影響很遠(yuǎn)啊,例如現(xiàn)在的jazz就是從那發(fā)展來(lái)的。
本篇文章要點(diǎn):
分析:本篇文章在用詞上面可能會(huì)有一些難度,因?yàn)樯婕暗綄I(yè)的音樂(lè)詞匯,另外本篇中也涉及到了句子的語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)調(diào)的考察,這種考察一般會(huì)涉及到listen again題型中,這個(gè)題型和舊托福中的part a部分相似,可以參考舊托福中的part a部分的材料和總結(jié)進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。
6.LECTURE FOUR
主題:大王花Rafflesia
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介:教授一開始就介紹植物分類,提到分類中的species種,genus屬,order目。說(shuō)植物的classification 很難,一些特性比較特殊的植物特別是這個(gè)樣子。提出植物的分類不能完全依靠它flower的形態(tài)和特性。提到Rafflesia(大王花),開花石會(huì)散發(fā)腐臭的味道,以吸引蠅類傳播花粉。她舉了Indonesia的一種植物M,它的flower很特別,超級(jí)大(圖片顯示它的直徑有一個(gè)手臂這么長(zhǎng),顏色為絳紅),有難聞的味道,象什么肉,但是最后發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不是一個(gè)order 的。生長(zhǎng)在很惡劣的環(huán)境中,其它的植物都不能生長(zhǎng)(有題目出現(xiàn):它生長(zhǎng)在什么樣的環(huán)境當(dāng)中?) 這種植物有事物的來(lái)源,但是它還是會(huì)抓insect吃,因?yàn)樗荒軓耐寥乐械玫阶銐虻臓I(yíng)養(yǎng),所以要通過(guò)這種方式來(lái)獲取所需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)(有題目出現(xiàn):為什么吃蟲子)。然后教授說(shuō)了它怎么抓蟲的? 經(jīng)過(guò)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的研究,專家發(fā)現(xiàn)它和violet(紫羅蘭)、willow(柳樹) 等是屬于一個(gè)order的,后提到幼時(shí)的violet,也會(huì)散發(fā)那種smell的。提到共存(有題目出現(xiàn))有提到另一種南美洲的植物和它是同一目的,但是花很小,味道也不難聞,與藍(lán)莓共生coherent。學(xué)生提問(wèn)不能測(cè)DNA嗎,教授說(shuō)這種大花基本不進(jìn)行光合作用,沒(méi)法提取一般植物能提取到的DNA。在DNA分析技術(shù)成熟之前根本無(wú)法將他們并為同類,由于他們的特征差異太大。教授還提到這種植物的交配不易,其一氣味難聞致使傳蜜的動(dòng)物不易接近,其二它每年只開一次花,且花分雌雄。所以要這么多先天條件湊齊不易,所以很少有人有機(jī)會(huì)看到開花的全過(guò)程。(有考題出現(xiàn))所以,結(jié)論,不可以貌取人。后來(lái)又講了這種花很有可能滅絕,原因是要fly幫忙運(yùn)花粉,要同種的花在一起,要這些條件同時(shí)發(fā)生,是小概率事件。Small incident
本篇文章要點(diǎn):
分析:本篇文章在近幾個(gè)月中的考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率極大,建議考生認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備,而且生詞非常多,不宜作答。TOEFL聽力5
straightened out
是解決,清里的意思。
我通過(guò)郵件拿到了我的學(xué)分,但是你的學(xué)科有個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
我知道,是電腦的問(wèn)題,會(huì)在下個(gè)星期解決。
大概是這么翻譯。托福TPO紙質(zhì)版 托福TPO閱讀 1-48套題原文+中文譯文+題目+答案 托福TPO聽力 1-34套聽力原文+題目+答案音頻
托福考試是一個(gè)英語(yǔ)積累的過(guò)程,不能急躁,備考方法很重要 。如果你的英語(yǔ)水平已經(jīng)到了那兒,考試成績(jī)不理想,那是不熟悉題型或做題技巧欠缺的問(wèn)題。這時(shí)要短期提高成績(jī)很容易。你可以看一下https://www.douban.com/group/topic/103884357/《托福資料大全》,可以在這里下載和查看托福詞匯的資料,如果我們的水平還沒(méi)到,想短期實(shí)質(zhì)性地提高是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。當(dāng)然,多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間叫“短期”也因人而異。
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