發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2024年12月23日 18:26
不建議盲目搜索模版。目前網(wǎng)上的“托福作文模版”，其內(nèi)容大多泛泛空洞，很難真正針對(duì)托福作文題目達(dá)到“切題”“扣題”的效果，因此在評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中無法滿足“切題”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此外照抄模版會(huì)造成不同考生作文中出現(xiàn)雷同語句的情況，在作文評(píng)分時(shí)的機(jī)器“查重”這一關(guān)評(píng)價(jià)會(huì)很低。所以，套用模版寫托福作文，很難得到理想分?jǐn)?shù)。
想要提高托福寫作成績(jī)，最權(quán)威的官方范文請(qǐng)參考托?？荚嚈C(jī)構(gòu)?ETS?出版的托福官方指南（official?guide，簡(jiǎn)稱?OG），OG?上明確了托福寫作的評(píng)分要求和應(yīng)對(duì)策略，并且給出了獨(dú)立寫作和綜合寫作各個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)段的范文和考官評(píng)價(jià)。OG?比其它寫作教材更有針對(duì)性，也更具權(quán)威性。
另外，范文的意義在于參考，想要獲得理想的托福作文分?jǐn)?shù)，不能僅僅依靠背誦或套用范文。準(zhǔn)備托福寫作，重點(diǎn)是要看考試的評(píng)分要求，并且對(duì)照自己的情況，做針對(duì)性的能力訓(xùn)練。
可以按照以下步驟進(jìn)行：
熟讀?OG?上關(guān)于寫作的評(píng)分要求，認(rèn)真研讀官方的滿分范文。
做一套?TPO?寫作題目（包括獨(dú)立寫作和綜合寫作），找到自己的作文和滿分作文的差距。
根據(jù)內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、語言三個(gè)方面的能力強(qiáng)弱，制定一個(gè)有針對(duì)性的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃。
比如，內(nèi)容方面需要觀察生活、積累作文素材；結(jié)構(gòu)方面得研究議論文的寫作框架；語言方面要多學(xué)習(xí)別人地道的表達(dá)。如果是聽力或者閱讀問題，導(dǎo)致綜合寫作不好，則要強(qiáng)化聽力和閱讀。
做階段性的能力測(cè)試（比如每周做一套?TPO），實(shí)時(shí)掌握自己的能力提高情況，并對(duì)計(jì)劃作出調(diào)整。
The professor in the lecture totally disagrees with the three solutions mentioned in the reading passage. In fact, she believes that these solutions won’t lead to
satisfactory consequences at all.
Firstly, the professor mentions that help the Torreya reestablish in its original habitat is unlikely to success. She claims that the coolest and dampest area of the microclimate is strongly influenced by many worldwide climate effects such as the global warming, thus it is impossible for Torreya to thrive again in the same place. This strongly opposes the first method in the reading passage.
Secondly, the professor claims that moving Torreya to a totally different location is also unrealistic. She takes Black Locus as an example. Black Locus thrives quickly after entering a new habitat and endangers many scarce species. The professor points out the disastrous consequence and opposes the second method raised in the reading passage.
Last but not least, the professor claims that keeping Terroya in research center won’t be a good method either. Trees preserved in the center cannot resist diseases in the long run. The professor again opposes the last method in the reading passage.
托福TPO18綜合寫作閱讀材料：In the 1950s Torreya Taxifolia, a type of evergreen tree once very common in the state of Florida started to die out. No one is sure exactly what caused the decline, but chances are good that if nothing is done, Torreya will soon become extinct. Experts are considering three ways to address the decline of Torreya.
在佛羅里達(dá)州，佛羅里達(dá)香榧是一種非常常見的常綠喬木。從1950年代開始，佛羅里達(dá)香榧數(shù)量開始減少，并瀕于滅絕。目前尚不清楚導(dǎo)致其瀕危的確切原因，但是如果不采取任何行動(dòng)的話，香榧很可能會(huì)滅絕。目前，專家們提出了三個(gè)方式去解決香榧數(shù)量下降。
The first option is to reestablish Torreya in the same location in which it thrived for thousands of years. Torreya used to be found in abundance in the northern part of Florida, which has a specific microclimate. A microclimate exists when weather conditions inside a relatively small area differs from the region of which that area is a part. Northern Florida’s microclimate is very favorable to Torreya’s growth. This microclimate is wetter and cooler than the surrounding region’s relatively dry, warm climate. Scientists have been working to plant Torreya seeds in the coolest, dampest areas of the microclimate.
第一個(gè)選擇是把香榧重新種植在它們已經(jīng)茂盛生長(zhǎng)數(shù)千年的原生長(zhǎng)地。在擁有特殊微氣候的北佛羅里達(dá)，香榧樹曾經(jīng)數(shù)量眾多。所謂微氣候是指在一片獨(dú)立區(qū)域內(nèi)，內(nèi)部一小部分地區(qū)的氣候狀況同該區(qū)域有區(qū)別。而被佛羅里達(dá)的微氣候非常時(shí)候香榧的生長(zhǎng)。該地區(qū)同周圍干熱的氣候不同，是非常潮濕和涼爽的?？茖W(xué)家計(jì)劃在擁有最冷和最潮濕微氣候的地區(qū)種植香榧。
The second option is to move Torreya to an entirely different location, far from its Florida microclimate. Torrey seeds and saplings have been successfully plated and growth in forests further north, where the temperature is significantly cooler. Some scientists believe that Torreya probably thrived in areas much further north in the distant past, so by relocating it now, in a process known as assisted migration, humans would simply be helping Torreya return to an environment that is more suited to its survival.
第二個(gè)選擇是把香榧移植到完全不同的地區(qū)，該地區(qū)遠(yuǎn)離其原生的微氣候。目前，香榧的種子和幼苗在佛羅里達(dá)州北部很遠(yuǎn)的地方可以生長(zhǎng)，那里相對(duì)來說冷很多。有些科學(xué)家相信在離原生地很遠(yuǎn)的北方，香榧或許可以茂盛生長(zhǎng)。所以，如果現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行輔助遷移，也就是說把香榧移到北方，那么人們可能就這么簡(jiǎn)單地幫助香榧重新找到適合它們生存的環(huán)境。
The third option is to preserve Torreya in research centers. Seeds and saplings can be moved from the wild and preserved in a closely monitored environment where it will be easier for scientists both to protect the species and conduct research on Torreya. This research can then be used to ensure the continued survival of the species.
第三個(gè)選擇是把香榧保存在研究中心。把種子和幼苗從野外移植并保護(hù)在研究中心這樣一個(gè)嚴(yán)格人工監(jiān)視的環(huán)境里。這樣，既方便科學(xué)家的保護(hù)該物種，同時(shí)也方便研究香榧。而所進(jìn)行的研究可以有助于該物種持續(xù)的存活發(fā)展。
托福TPO18綜合寫作聽力材料：You’ve just read about three ways to save Torreya Taxifolia. Unfortunately, none of these three options provides a satisfactory solution.
你夢(mèng)剛剛聽到了三種保護(hù)佛羅里達(dá)香榧樹的方法。很遺憾，這三個(gè)方法都不能解決這個(gè)問題。
about the first solution – reestablishing Torreya in the same location – that’s unlikely to be successful, because of what’s happening to the coolest dampest areas within Torreya’s micro-climate. These areas are being strongly affected by changes in the climate of the larger region. This could be because global warming has contributed to an increase in overall temperatures in the region or because wetlands throughout Florida have been drained. Either way, many areas across the region are becoming dries, so it’s unlikely that Torrey would have the conditions it needs to survive anywhere within its original Florida micro-climate.
先說第一個(gè)方法。在原地種植香榧樹是不可行的'。這是因?yàn)樵瓉磉m合香榧生長(zhǎng)的濕冷微氣候已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化。這些地方的微氣候受到了整個(gè)大區(qū)域氣候變化的嚴(yán)重影響。這可能是因?yàn)槿蜃兣瘜?dǎo)致了該地區(qū)整體溫度的上升，也可能是因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)佛羅里達(dá)地區(qū)的濕地變干。無論是那種原因，該區(qū)域的很多地方都變得很干旱，同原來香榧樹生長(zhǎng)的佛羅里達(dá)微氣候已經(jīng)不同。
Now about the second solution, relocating Torreya far from where it currently grows. Well, let’s look at what happened when humans helped another tree, the black locust tree, move north to a new environment. When they did this, some of these plants and trees were themselves already in danger of becoming extinct.
現(xiàn)在說一下第二個(gè)方法，就是把香榧種在遠(yuǎn)離它們?cè)瓉砩L(zhǎng)地的區(qū)域。恩，讓我們看看人類幫助另一種樹的。人們把洋槐樹向北移，移到了一個(gè)全新的環(huán)境。這么做了之后，當(dāng)?shù)匾恍┍緛硪呀?jīng)瀕危的植物或者樹木因而滅絕了。
Third, research centers are probably not a solution either. That’s because the population of Torreya trees that can be kept in the centers will probably not be able to resist diseases. For a population of trees to survive a disease, it needs to be relatively large and it needs to be genetically diverse. Tree populations in the wild usually satisfy those criteria, but research centers would simply not have enough capacity to keep a large and diverse population of Torreya trees. So, trees in such centers will not be capable of surviving diseases in the long term.
第三，移到研究中心也不是一個(gè)有效的方法。這是因?yàn)檠芯恐行哪軌虮Ｗo(hù)的香榧的數(shù)量不足以幫助香榧抵御病蟲害。如果一種樹木想要抵御病蟲害，就需要它的數(shù)量達(dá)到一定規(guī)模，并且具有基因多樣性。在野外生長(zhǎng)的樹木一般可以滿足這些要求，但是研究中心沒有能力保護(hù)數(shù)量足夠多，基因足夠多樣化的香榧樹。所以，長(zhǎng)期看來，這樣的研究中心是不能保證香榧樹抵抗病蟲害的。
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