如何巧妙運(yùn)用托??谡Z地道連接詞?
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如何才能避免托??谡Z中“黑色”的三秒鐘呢?其實(shí)要想使我們講的托??谡Z聽起來連貫通暢,只要我們在出現(xiàn)“黑色三秒鐘”的時候迅速使用英語中地道的語氣連接詞(美國人叫 GAPFILLER)就可以了。這就像我們中國人在演講忘詞兒的時候總要使用“這個這個…”是一個道理。
那么美國有哪些最為常用的GAP FILLER呢?下面我就簡單的給大家介紹幾個:
1.“WELL”美國人最為常用的GAP FILLER莫過于WELL。他們在交流時,當(dāng)聽話者想要讓說話者知道自己正在準(zhǔn)備說話時,就會先用一個WELL攬過話茬。通常這個詞的要用升調(diào)。例如:
A:When are you going to take a trip to Italy?
B: Well, I have been preparing for that for a long time and I think it will be in next month。
2. “UHMM”這個詞也是美國人超級愛用的語氣詞。發(fā)音時就是發(fā)出“啊”的音之后再閉上嘴繼續(xù)“木”音。通常情況下,這個詞用來告訴聽話者:“我正在思考你所提出的問題”例如:
A:Are you gonna be availalbe this Sunday afternoon?
B: Uhmmmmm… I am not sure and please let me check my schedule。
3. “YOU KNOW”這個我想大家都非常熟知。雖然表面意思是“你知道的”但是更多時候說話者使用了這個詞之后馬上就要繼續(xù)闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)。例如:
A:What would you like to have?
B: Well,you know,like always,Orange Chicken!
4. “It‘s like…”美國年輕人超級愛使用這個句式,有時候它被用來打比方但是更多時候是用來打比方同時拖延思考時間。例如:
A:How was the show on Sunday?
B: Uhmm, it‘s like…it‘s like the one we saw together last year。
5. “I mean”這個是我們考托??谡Z時的殺手锏,因?yàn)橛泻芏嗟目忌诨卮饐栴}時,說著說著就跑題了無法自圓其說。為了防止這種現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn),我們要迅速反應(yīng)拉回話題。這時候我們就要用“I MEAN”例如:
A: Would you please tell me more about your former university?
B: Oh,yes,sure, I went abroad when I was a junior and came back one year later.I transfered toanother school right after I came back. Oh, I am sorry, I mean I do not really know that much ofit。
除了這些語氣連接詞以外,我們還有好多方法拉長我們的語氣以贏得更多的思考時間,例如轉(zhuǎn)折詞but 和 連詞and,當(dāng)我們使用它們時,我們完全可以這樣發(fā)音“butummmm”和 “andummmm”這樣我們就可以獲得充足的時間進(jìn)行思考從而完美的說出下面的具體內(nèi)容。
托??谡Z怎么練才最地道?答案是要靠考生多積累,多練習(xí),多模仿,這樣才能在口語考試中說出地道流暢的英語。
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托??谡Z 常用的邏輯詞?
1. Addition(遞進(jìn))
常用詞匯:moreover, what is more, furthermore, , let alone,
additionally, not to mention (this),besides (this) , in addition (to
this)
2. Reference(引用)
常用詞匯:considering (this),regarding (this),as for (this),concerning (this),on the subject of (this)
3. Example (舉例)
常用詞匯:such as, particularly, especially, for example, like, in particular, for one thing, notably
4. Similarity(相似)
常用詞匯:similarly, in the same way, equally, likewise, as well as
5. Clarification(澄清)
常用詞匯:that is (to say),I mean, (to) put (it) another way, in other words, namely, specifically
6. Conflict(轉(zhuǎn)折)
常用詞匯:but, while, on the other hand, however, whereas, in contrast, conversely, still, instead
7. Emphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào))
常用詞匯:even more, above all, indeed, more importantly, besides
8. Concession(讓步)
常用詞匯:but even so, even though, though, although, despite (this),in spite of (this),regardless (of this)
9. Cause/Reason(原因)
常用詞匯:since, as, in that, for the (simple) reason that, because (of
the fact),seeing that, owing to (the fact),due to (the fact that)
10. Effect/Result(影響或結(jié)果)
常用詞匯:consequently, hence, thus, because (of this), as a result (of
this),for this reason, so that, accordingly, as a consequence, so,
therefore
11. Condition(條件)
常用詞匯:if, provided that, in the event that (萬一),as/so long as,
unless, given that, providing that, even if, on (the) condition (that)
12. Conclusion(總結(jié))
常用詞匯:lastly, finally, to conclude (with),as a final point, in the end
以上就是托??谡Z中比較常用的邏輯詞匯總結(jié),大家在具體備考過程中一定要注意適量練習(xí)與合理應(yīng)用,才能在實(shí)考時做到心中不慌。
求托??谡Z連接詞!?。。。。。。。。。?!牛人來?。。?!
你能用在寫作里的過渡詞都能用到口語里。
一般而言建議使用層次回答法。
開頭第一句正面回答問題,
之后用first/second等劃分主要層次
其次內(nèi)部可以用,in addition, moreover, besides, also等表遞進(jìn)補(bǔ)充,for example, such as,等表舉例,however, nevertheless, but等表轉(zhuǎn)折
最后用all in all, therefore, in conclusion, 表結(jié)論。
注意口語六大題每種答題模板都不一樣,需要分類總結(jié)出自己慣用的模板和連接詞。
跪求托福作文常用連接詞,以及句式。
連詞例子:
1. 表示時間,頻率,總量的:
in general, every, some, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile.
2. 補(bǔ)充說明:
additionally, as well as, just as, again, along with, also, further, furthermore, likewise, in the same manner, in the same way, in addition to.
3.舉例子:for example, namely, for instance, as an example, that is.
4. 對比或別打相反意見:
although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise.
5. 總結(jié):
all in all, in consequence, in brief, as a result, the point is, in conclusion, therefore, hence, in sum.
以下是托福短文寫作中使用率最高、覆蓋面最廣的基本句式,每組句式的功能相同或相似,考生可根據(jù)自己的情況選擇其中的1-2個,做到能夠熟練正確地仿寫或套用。
1、表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3)The reason for this is obvious. 4)The reason for this is not far to seek. 5)The reason for this is that...
例如: There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,people's living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid,and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
2、表示好處
1)It has the following advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us. 5)It is of great benefit to us.
例如: Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
3、表示壞處
1)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2)It does us much harm. 3)It is harmfulto us.
例如:However,everything dividesinto two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion.
4、表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)for sb.to do sth. 2)We think it necessary to do sth. 3)It plays an important role in our life.
例如: Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon,computers will be found in every home,too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.
5、表示措施
1)We should take some effective measures. 2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties. 3)We should do our utmost in doing sth. 4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.
例如:The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.
增加托福口語連貫性的6個方法
“連貫性”是新托??谡Z評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的一個非常重要的因素,它指的是托??谡Z答案中信息點(diǎn)之間的銜接是否自然流暢。以下為大家歸納整理六條指導(dǎo)原則,希望可以幫助考生增強(qiáng)托??谡Z連貫性 。
1. 運(yùn)用總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)
Your listeners will understand your talk better if you organize what you say in a logical sequence or linear pattern. This means that you tell the listeners what you are going to talk about and then go through the points you want to make. The most common pattern of organization is outlined below:
Introductory statement
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Concluding statement
An example of this pattern is shown below:
Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector.
1. way of obtaining specimens
2. spares can be released into the wild
3. helps survival because butterflies have been protected from natural predators
The experience is a learning experience for the collector and a benefit to the species.
2. 運(yùn)用連接詞
Connecting ideas by using transition words and phrases tells your listeners the relationship of one idea to the next. You can signal to your listener that you are going to put events in a sequence, add information, or make a comparison. You can signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Using transition words and phrases helps your listener follow the flow of your ideas. Read the following example without transitional expressions:
In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. I understood those principles better by doing those experiments.
These sentences would flow better if the speaker used transitional expressions as in the following example:
In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. As a result, I understood those principles better.
3. 解釋或定義陌生概念
In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a term that you use in your response. Read the following example:
My hobby is telemark skiing.
If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know what telemark skiing is, they might not understand the rest of the passage. Sometimes listeners can guess the meaning through the context of the passage, but sometimes they cannot. Here is the definition this speaker gave of telemark skiing:
That means skiing using telemark skis.
Even though the speaker defined telemark skiing, listeners still may not understand what it means because the speaker defined the term with the same word. To effectively define a word, use a three-part definition:
1. State the word or phrase to be defined.
2. Give the category that the word or phrase fits into.
3. Tell how the word is different from other words that fit the same category.
Read this example of an effective definition:
Telemark is a type of alpine skiing in which the boots are connected to the skis only at
the toes, so traditional skiing techniques have to be modified.
4. 正確使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)
Your listener can understand the flow of your ideas better if you use parallel structures when you speak. Read the following incorrect example:
My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivating the students.
The listener may be confused because the speaker has mixed different grammatical structures. Does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting and motivating assignments to the students'? In this sentence, interesting and motivating are parallel adjectives. Or does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivated the students? In this sentence, gave and motivated are parallel verbs.
5. 對關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換或同義轉(zhuǎn)換
When a speaker keeps repeating a word or phrase, listeners can get confused. Read the following example:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was on the chalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done the assignment.
This speaker's ideas would be clearer if the repeated words were replaced with other expressions or with pronouns. Look at the way this example can be improved:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the board after we had all completed the task.
The word assignment has been replaced with task; the word teacher with she; and the word chalkboard with board.
6. 時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)量的統(tǒng)一
Your listener can get confused if you are not consistent. Look at the following example:
My teacher brought five paper bags to school one day. He put us into groups and gave each group a bag. You have to take the objects out of the bags in turn and then a person has to tell a story involving the object from the bag.
The listener may get confused by the change from the past tense to the present tense, and the change from us to you and then to a person. The listener might also be confused by the change from the plural form objects and bags to the singular forms object and bag.
The listener could follow this speaker's ideas better if the speaker were consistent. Look at the way this example can be improved:
One day my teacher put us into five different groups. He gave each group a bag and told us to take turns pulling out an object and telling the other members of the group a story involving that object.
以上就是增加托??谡Z連貫性的6個方法,口語的提高重在練習(xí),要有一個英文環(huán)境對中國考生來說并不簡單,那么我們就自己制造環(huán)境,多聽英文歌,多看英文電影等等。最后祝大家在托福考試中考個好成績。
托福家考口語準(zhǔn)備期間不能讀答案嗎
托福家考口語準(zhǔn)備期間不能讀答案。
由于托??谡Z的考試順序和考試形式的影響,考生就可以利用考試的時間間隙偷聽到同一考場的考生的口語答案進(jìn)而猜出這一次的退服口語考試的考題然后提前準(zhǔn)備。
由于托福聽力題和托福閱讀題題數(shù)的變化,加上考生做題速度不一,導(dǎo)致進(jìn)入休息期(10分鐘)的學(xué)生時間不一。所以應(yīng)該盡量拖延自己的答題時間,讓別人先做托??谡Z題,這樣才可以偷到口語第1、2題的題目。
托??谡Z考試注意事項(xiàng):
第一、邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)以總分結(jié)構(gòu)為宜,開門見山。開頭就已一句主題句來表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),也為接下來的敘述打下基礎(chǔ)。同樣的,如果考題出現(xiàn)了問題,考生更要直接回答問題,表達(dá)你的想法和觀點(diǎn),思路要理清然后接著就容易敘述了。
第二、多使用邏輯連接詞,例如however、then、overall、and、but、to begin、with、secondly等等。西方人不像我們中國話常常依靠上下文就能理解句子和句子間的關(guān)系。他們習(xí)慣要依靠這些連接詞來表達(dá)和理解意思。
第三、如果遇到問題是很概括性的,讓人無從開口,可以從小處著手將大話題縮小到一個小的具體的事物進(jìn)行敘述討論,化大為小來找尋突破口是針對這類問題的萬金油方法。
以上內(nèi)容參考:百度百科--托福
托??荚嚕谡Z考試中要注意的要點(diǎn)是什么
1.發(fā)音地道。語音語調(diào)要盡可能發(fā)的地道。中國學(xué)生在說英語時容易犯兩個錯誤,一是元音發(fā)的過于偏平,不飽滿,嘴張不開,二是語調(diào)上過平,沒有起伏。所以發(fā)音方面你可以在這兩點(diǎn)上下功夫。
2.語法正確。表達(dá)時要注意語法,人稱、時態(tài)這些易錯細(xì)節(jié)都要兼顧。
3.內(nèi)容充實(shí)??谡Z 3-6 題屬于綜合任務(wù),需要考生整合題干信息,建議做筆記,這樣作答的時候可以有章可循,也不會遺漏細(xì)節(jié)。
4.邏輯清晰?;卮鹨羞壿嫞荒芪饕焕祁^東一棒子,讓評分人摸不著頭腦,要論理說事兼顧,觀點(diǎn)清晰,理由明確,讓人信服。可以多用一些連接詞,讓上下文過度自然流暢。
英語口語中表達(dá)對立的觀點(diǎn)的連接詞有哪些?
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表達(dá)對立的觀點(diǎn)的連接詞有:For example;For instance;such as+n/doing
智課網(wǎng)托??谡Z課程地址:http://www.smartstudy.com/expertclass-toefl/speaking
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托福口語考試的第四題是什么意思啊 到底要說什么
第四題是學(xué)術(shù)類的,也是先閱讀一個小段子,然后聽一個演講。這個閱讀可以幫助考生了解到后面演講里說的是什么,而后的演講就要靠聽力了,盡量多記錄名詞,而后,多使用類似于well,you
konw,by which mean,that is to
say等等的連接詞,還有就是smoeone,someplace,sometime等等的不定代詞來代替你所漏掉的細(xì)節(jié)。
其他部分的話,前兩個題目有閱讀,會有點(diǎn)背景,比較來說簡單一些。第三題是有個閱讀,然后是對話。一男一女的對話,兩個人會先表明對于閱讀中所說的事情的態(tài)度,而后發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。所以考生記筆記的時候盡量兩個人的態(tài)度和理由都記下來,因?yàn)轭}目最后才告訴考生他考哪一個人。
第五題對話的是一個人遇到問題,另一個人幫忙解決。最后問考生問題,提供哪幾個解決方案,并會問考生會選擇哪個。這樣的話,考生在聽對話的時候,就要把出現(xiàn)的問題記錄下來,還有兩個解決方案,同時呢,一般來說,第一個解決方案一般會被否定。這時候考生可以把這個否定掉的理由記下來,一會自己也這么說。至于為什么選擇這個解決方案,就可以按照自己想的說了。第六題可以說純靠聽力了,沒有了閱讀,只能多記些名詞,方法和第四題差不多。最重要的是,要多練習(xí)說!不要讓自己說著說著就斷了,這樣的話很不好。