雅思閱讀同義轉(zhuǎn)換的7種方式

我們繼續(xù)來(lái)看26題，26題出現(xiàn)了what is known as，這是一個(gè)特殊信號(hào)詞，它的意思是被稱(chēng)之為什么，那"被稱(chēng)之為什么"后面肯定要接的是一個(gè)名字或者是一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，那術(shù)語(yǔ)的話一般要么會(huì)出現(xiàn)全部大寫(xiě)或者是帶有特殊符號(hào)，比如說(shuō)引號(hào)之類(lèi)的，所以它在文中肯定長(zhǎng)得都是比較顯眼的，在我們看到這個(gè)的時(shí)候，我們待會(huì)就要特別去關(guān)注一下有沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)全部大寫(xiě)的或者是帶有特殊符號(hào)的一些詞，以及后面再畫(huà)一個(gè)impressive grades，就是高分，非常好的一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)。

我們現(xiàn)在順著25題往下面找一下，有沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)一些長(zhǎng)得比較顯眼的專(zhuān)有名詞。那我們找下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在D段出現(xiàn)了一些帶有引號(hào)的詞，那我們?cè)谒母浇倏匆幌掠袥](méi)有出現(xiàn)一些“什么非常高的分?jǐn)?shù)”類(lèi)似于這樣的表達(dá)，我們會(huì)在“spoon-feeding”這個(gè)詞的后面看到一個(gè)extremely high examination results，非常高的考試分?jǐn)?shù)，那這個(gè)其實(shí)就是對(duì)應(yīng)的我們剛才的那個(gè)impressive grades，所以這道題的答案我們最終就可以填這個(gè)spoon-feeding。

雅思不同于其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考試，它僅考查語(yǔ)言，也就是說(shuō)出題者不會(huì)讓你根據(jù)所提供的信息去做出推論；相反，文章已提供信息只是讓答題者去尋找剛剛給過(guò)的信息。然而出題者并不會(huì)以一一對(duì)應(yīng)的方式讓答題者很容易找到答案，為增加考題難度，出題者會(huì)利用同義替換讓答題者有一種“不識(shí)廬山真面目”的挫敗感。

幾乎雅思閱讀所有的題型都涉及同義替換，那么同義轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)以什么方式出現(xiàn)呢？

1.題干中的形容詞，名詞和動(dòng)詞往往是原文詞匯的同義詞或近義詞。

原文：Between 1940 and 1959, overfishing led to crashes in salmon population so severe that in 1953 Alaska was declared a federal disaster area.

題干：Between 1940 and 1959, there was a sharp decrease in Alaska's salmon population. 原文中的crashes與題干中的sharp decrease屬于近義詞之間的替換。威海學(xué)為貴雅思托福培訓(xùn)

2.數(shù)字替換：題目中阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字而文中以英文出現(xiàn)，或題干中只有大概的數(shù)字，而文中有具體數(shù)字。如：

題干：The survey concluded that one-fifth or 20% of the household transport requirement as outside local area.

原文：Interest facts regarding transport were found: 95% was on foot; 80% was within the locality.

3.前后順序調(diào)換：題干中答案出現(xiàn)在標(biāo)志詞的右方，原文中對(duì)應(yīng)答案卻出現(xiàn)在標(biāo)志詞的左方。如：

題干：Radar and sonar are based on similar ______

原文：But the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar.

4.句子間的替換：原文的主動(dòng)形式在題干中改寫(xiě)成被動(dòng)形式或被動(dòng)變主動(dòng)，或者原文句子是前果后因，題干變成前因后果。如：

題干：Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because ____ are not used in their navigation system.

原文：It is technically incorrect to talk about bat 'radar', since they don't use radio waves.

5.否定形式的替換：原文中的否定形式替換成其他形式從而變得不易定位。

題干：In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.

原文：Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.

6.具體與抽象概念間的替換：將原文中的具體表達(dá)形式進(jìn)行總結(jié)，以概念表達(dá)形式在題干中出現(xiàn)（反之同理）。如：

題干：In the following-up class, the teaching activities _______ those used in conventional classes.

原文：Some hours after the two-part session, there is a follow-up class at which the students are simulated to recall the material presented. once again the approach is indirect. The students do not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate (e.g. through games or improvised dramatizations). Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.威海學(xué)為貴雅思托福培訓(xùn)

7.人稱(chēng)代詞和指示代詞間的替換：將答案藏到標(biāo)志詞集中出現(xiàn)的句子之前或之后，同時(shí)使用人稱(chēng)代詞留下提示。如：

題干：Dr. Johnson believed that ____ is the major cause of this particular disease.

原文：Dr. Johnson is one of the leading scientists in this area. He believed that the disease could be cured. Certain experiments had been carried out through the last century however no evident result had been found. Still, he linked mainly food with this particular disease.

同義替換要求答題者具備一定的詞匯量，并通過(guò)日常大量的練習(xí)提高自己對(duì)同義替換的敏感度，避免在考試過(guò)程中被“迷象”迷了雙眼，定位不到答案?？傊x替換無(wú)外乎是對(duì)同一事物采用了不同的包裝形式，答題者只要透過(guò)現(xiàn)象抓住本質(zhì)便可游刃有余。